The World Trade Organization (WTO) has published a notice regarding Egypt’s safeguard investigation into imports of hot rolled flat steel (HRC and/or HRFS). Initiated on 22 April 2025 and officially notified on 29 April 2025, the investigation is intended to assess whether increased imports are causing, or are likely to cause, serious injury to Egypt’s domestic steel industry in accordance with WTO safeguard procedures. Interested parties are required to submit documented evidence, comments, or relevant information within 30 days of the notice’s publication in the official gazette. Submissions should be directed to the Ministry of Investment and Foreign Trade’s Trade Remedies Sector.

This table summarises all completed investigations by Egypt’s competition authority (the Egyptian Competition Authority—the ECA) into alleged cartels, anti-competitive agreements and abuses of dominant positions since 2018. Note—only investigations that have been made public are included in this table. 2023 Investigations under Articles 6–7 of Law No 3 of 2005 Case name, companies under investigation and industry Issues Developments School textbooks• Unknown Restrictive agreements and cartel • ECA issues infringement decision—25/02/2023 Investigations under Article 8 of Law No 3 of 2005 Case name, companies under investigation and industry Issues Developments The ECA has not yet issued any decisions under Article 8 in 2023 2022 Investigations under Articles 6–7 of Law No 3 of 2005 Case name, companies under investigation and industry Issues Developments School uniforms• 1 undertaking (listed here) Restrictive

The World Trade Organization (WTO) has reported that Egypt has initiated two separate safeguard investigations to determine whether increased imports are causing serious injury to domestic industries. Egypt has offered consultations under Article 12.4 with WTO members having substantial export interests in the products concerned. Interested parties have 30 days from the publication of the Notice of Initiation in Egypt's Official Gazette to submit written views and supporting evidence. The investigations are being conducted by Egypt's Ministry of Investment and Foreign Trade's Trade Remedies Sector, with submissions to be directed to Mrs. Yomna Elshabrawy at the New Administrative Capital in Cairo.

NOTE—to see whether notification thresholds in Egypt and throughout the world are met, see Where to Notify. Egypt is also a member of COMESA, which operates a supranational merger control regime. 1. Have there been any recent developments regarding the Egyptian merger control regime and are any updates/developments expected in the coming year? Are there any other ‘hot’ merger control issues in Egypt? The principal statutes governing merger control in Egypt are Law 3/2005 on the Protection of Competition and the Prohibition of Monopolistic Practices (Competition Law 2005) and its Executive Regulations, issued pursuant to Prime Ministerial Decree 1316/2005 (Executive Regulations 2005). Both have recently been substantially amended to establish a pre-closing notification merger control regime with a standstill obligation in Egypt. The Competition Law 2005 was amended effective 30 December 2022. The amended Executive Regulations 2005 followed in April 2024. The new pre-closing notification regime entered into force on 1 June 2024.. Furthermore, at the end of April 2026, the Egyptian legislator adopted amendments to the Competition Law 2005. Most notably, these amendments:

Law360: An Egyptian appeals court has affirmed the convictions of two arbitrators in connection with a ‘sham’ arbitration that resulted in a nearly US$18bn award against Chevron, which was issued following a dispute over a decades-old concession agreement to develop Saudi oil fields.

The chairs of eight European national corporate governance code institutions met on 15 May 2025 to issue a joint statement reaffirming core governance principles. The group, including the Financial Reporting Council (FRC) chair from the UK, emphasised that governance codes should be dynamic frameworks rather than static rules. The statement addresses challenges of regulatory fragmentation and calls for principle-based frameworks that balance sustainability requirements with business agility. The chairs highlighted the need for proportionate regulation while maintaining focus on long-term value creation and competitiveness.

The 18th edition of the Judicial College Guidelines (JCG) has been published, following the 17th edition in 2024. The JCG remains the starting point for practitioners and courts when valuing general damages for personal injury and clinical negligence claims. The figures in the eighteenth edition have been updated to reflect inflation, with reference to the Retail Prices Index (RPI) as at August 2025.

A document used to obtain title to a deceased person's asset that was not included in the inventory of the deceased person's estate, or to amend an asset's description.

MLex: Irish telecom operator Eircom’s damages lawsuit against BT Group over a public-sector contract must be carefully managed to trial, a UK judge told the parties today. Eircom’s claim, filed at the High Court, followed a decision by sector regulator Ofcom in 2020 to fine BT for its conduct over a tender process.

Ejectment is a property law remedy by which a person wrongfully kept out of land seeks to recover possession from an occupier. Historically it was a common law action to restore a landlord or freeholder to possession, often after expiry or forfeiture of a lease or an unlawful dispossession. In modern practice in England and Wales and Northern Ireland, “ejectment” survives mainly as an older term and in some statutory and procedural references; proceedings are now usually described as “claims for possession” of land or premises. In Ireland, the term is still more commonly used in landlord and tenant and mortgage enforcement contexts, often governed by specific statutes and court rules. In Scotland, the broadly equivalent remedy is “removal” or “ejection,” pursued by an action in the sheriff court or Court of Session rather than under the historic English ejectment form. Across the UK and Ireland, ejectment-type proceedings focus on proving a superior right to possession, compliance with notice requirements, and proper service and execution of court orders, often involving sheriff officers or enforcement officers to physically remove occupants if they do not vacate voluntarily.

The principle of construction (or interpretation) of statutes and other documents that where specific words are followed by general words, the general words are limited to (or, in other words, are ejusdem generis with) things of the same class as the specific ones.

NOTE—to see whether notification thresholds in El Salvador and throughout the world are met, see further: Where to Notify. 1. Have there been any recent developments regarding the Salvadoran merger control regime and are any updates/developments expected in the coming year? Are there any other ‘hot’ merger control issues in El Salvador? The most recent significant development in El Salvador’s merger control regime was the 2021 amendment to the Competition Law. The reform, which amended 19 provisions and introduced five new ones, was primarily procedural and aimed at aligning the Antitrust Law with the Administrative Procedures Law. Among the key changes affecting merger control, the statutory review period was extended from 90 calendar days to 90 working days, and the review period may now be suspended when the Superintendence of Competition issues Requests for Information. Following the 2021 reform, the Superintendence of Competition publicly stated that it was working on a broader package