The European Securities and Markets Authority (ESMA) has launched a call for evidence on the retail investor journey under MiFID II (Directive 2014/65/EU). ESMA is seeking feedback from firms, trade associations, and consumer organisations on factors that discourage retail investor participation in capital markets. The consultation examines both regulatory and non-regulatory barriers, including the complexity and clarity of information, high costs and fees, and the impact of previous negative investment experiences. It also considers the growing preference among younger investors for speculative products and evaluates the effectiveness of current suitability and appropriateness assessments, as well as the presentation of marketing and contractual materials. Responses, which are due by 21 July 2025, will be reviewed in collaboration with national competent authorities to determine whether adjustments or clarifications are needed to simplify the investor journey while ensuring robust investor protection.