For information about employing young people, generally, see Practice Note: Employing children and young people. The duty on a young person in England to participate in education and training When it comes to the duty in England for a young person to participate in education and training, a person has such a duty if they: • have ceased to be of compulsory school age • have not reached the age of 18, and • have not attained a ‘level three qualification’ (two A-levels, or various other broadly equivalent qualifications) The

The Town and Country Planning (General Permitted Development) (England) Order 2015 (the GPDO 2015), SI 2015/596, Sch 2 Pt 3, Class V grants a permitted development right for development consisting of a change of use of a building or other land from a use permitted by planning permission granted on an application, to another use which that permission would have specifically authorised when it was granted. It is intended to provide flexibility to occupiers of buildings/land to switch between two or more uses for a ten year period

An adopted highway is a highway maintainable at public expense, meaning that its repair is the responsibility of the local highways authority. A highway gives the public at large a right to pass and repass but the fact that a highway exists or is maintainable at public expense does not mean that the ownership of the land (other than the top spit) is vested in the highways authority. It is often the case that the underlying land is privately owned. Section 263(1) of the

The effect of a surrender of lease is that the term is extinguished by absorption into the reversionary interest and thus ceases to exist. Ordinarily surrender is effected by deed, but there are a number of other methods by which a lease can be surrendered, including by operation of law. This can include by the grant of a new lease to the tenant by the landlord; by the tenant giving up possession to the landlord, with the landlord accepting possession, or by the giving up of possession and the granting of a

The notification requirement in order for an EMI option to be a qualifying option is that HMRC is notified of the grant on or before 6 July following the end of the tax year in which the option was granted. We interpret your question to indicate that the exercise of the EMI option is expected to take place before that deadline (that is, before 6 July following the end of the tax year in which the option was granted)—for example, in connection with an exit event affecting the grantor

This Q&A concerns high level principles regarding the relationship between (and interpretation of) different sources of EU law (as opposed to the relationship between EU law and the law of EU Member States). Sources of EU law Primary sources The 'primary' sources of EU law are the EU founding Treaties, such as the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (TFEU) and the Treaty on European Union (TEU), which set out EU competencies and provide the basis for actions taken by the EU institutions. They set out EU objectives, rules and provisions governing decision making by EU institutions and the relationship between the EU and its Member States. The EU can only act within the limits of the competences conferred on it by Treaty (see the principles of conferral below). In that sense, the EU Treaties have primacy. Amendments to the Treaties may be made to allow for efficiency, transparency, enlargement and co-operation (see: Amendment and ratification of EU Treaties). Where the Treaties do not confer competences on the EU, they remain

An EU citizen who migrated to the UK for the purpose of work prior to the coming into force of the Immigration Act 1971 (IA 1971) would have been issued with a work permit by the Foreign Labour Division of the Ministry of Labour. As that was prior to the UK’s entry into the European Economic Community (EEC), they were treated as any other foreign national would have been at the time. After an initial grant of limited leave to land, an individual would work towards the conditions on their stay being cancelled. Although the latter administrative action took place before the coming into force of IA 1971, the practical effect was the same as a grant of

For probate purposes, the UK consists of three jurisdictions: • England and Wales • Scotland • Northern Ireland If the deceased dies, domiciled in one of these jurisdictions with assets in another, only one grant is necessary. The grant

For probate purposes, the UK consists of three jurisdictions: • England ad Wales • Scotland • Northern Ireland If the deceased dies domiciled in one of these jurisdictions with assets in another, only one grant is necessary. The grant

This Q&A analyses the general principles that apply in determining whether security created by an English company pursuant to a typical English law governed debenture would give a security holder rights over assets of the security provider situate outside of England and Wales. For general information on taking debenture security, see Practice Notes: Introductory guide to security in a lending transaction and Key features of debentures and for a discussion of enforcing security, see Practice Notes: Enforcement—debentures and floating charges and Enforcement—fixed charges. Summary A company that has given lenders a debenture as security will have created a package of fixed and floating security rights. Normally, this extends to all the assets and undertaking of that company. If the company has assets situate outside of England and Wales, the security holders rights depend upon a mixture of the contractual rights determined by English law and their proprietary effect and recognition under the laws of the state where the assets are situate. Local law

In short, this will depend on whether the acknowledgement amounts to a section 3 consent and, if so, whether in the circumstances such consent binds the tenant. A tenant’s right of light Parties most commonly rely on long user under section 3 of the Prescription Act 1832 (PA 1832) when claiming the existence of a right of light over neighbouring land. A party claiming the existence of such a right, needs to rely on 20 years of actual enjoyment counting back from the date an action is brought. An action may be a claim seeking a declaration that such a right exists and/or a claim in respect of an interference with

Summary A simple acknowledgement of a notice of assignment of a contract or debt by the relevant contract counterparty of the assignor (the recipient) when signed will not create binding obligations between the recipient and the assignee over and above those created by the subject matter of the assignment. Only if the notice seeks contractual undertakings from the counterparty and is supported by consideration can such additional obligations arise out of the signed acknowledgement. It will also be difficult for the assignee to establish a signed acknowledgement on its own constitutes a waiver of any right or forms the basis for a claim in estoppel. Useful materials For information in general on assignments by way of security and taking security over contractual rights, see Practice Notes: • Assignments by way of security, and • Taking security over contractual rights Assignments and the need for notice Under section 136 of the Law of Property Act 1925 (LPA