Under English law, legally binding agreements can be made orally, in writing or by deed. This Practice Notice considers the circumstances in which a deed is necessary or desirable and the formalities that must be complied with. • What is a deed? • When a deed is required • Formalities (1): in writing • Formalities (2): face value • Formalities (3): execution • Formalities (4): delivery • Escrow • Witnessing • Variation • Failure to comply with formalities and other defects • Reform For information on the execution of deeds in various jurisdictions outside England and Wales, see Practice Note: Execution of deeds—jurisdictional guide. We have produced a collection that is a comprehensive, interactive resource to help users identify and work through the concepts and common issues when executing documents, including the execution of deeds. Each section or phase includes practical guidance, precedent clauses and Q&As relevant to that section. For more information, see: Execution collection. What is a deed? Definition and purpose A deed is a written instrument which is executed with the necessary formality and by which an interest,