A person wishing to claim title to registered land by adverse possession, and who cannot show 12 years' possession prior to 13 October 2003, may apply if they have completed ten years in possession: para 1 of Schedule 6 to the Land Registration Act 2002 (LRA 2002). The registrar will then serve notice on the registered proprietor, who may either: • consent, or fail to respond, in which case the applicant will be registered, or • serve a counter notice objecting to the application (LRA 2002, s 73(1)) and/or asking for it to be dealt with under LRA 2002, Sch 6, para 5. If the objection is unsuccessful the squatter will be registered as proprietor, but invoking LRA 2002, Sch 6, para 5 means that the application will be automatically

This Q&A assumes that this is a public sewer adopted by the client undertaker. Does manhole cover come within definition of sewers/drains? Sections 219(1) and (2) of the Water Industries Act 1991 (WIA 1991) provide that a manhole is an accessory to a sewer and that references to a pipe, including references to a main, a drain or a sewer, shall include references to any accessories for the pipe. Duties of Undertaker under Water Industries Act 1991 See Practice Note: Sewers and drains—sewerage undertakers’ core duties and powers. Under WIA 1991, s 94(1), sewerage

There is nothing wrong per se with a company being insolvent on a balance sheet basis, and, in fact, many businesses start out being balance sheet insolvent. The test in relation to balance sheet insolvency was considered by the Supreme Court in BNY Corporate Trustee Services Ltd v Eurosail-UK 2007-3BL plc, in which the following passage from Toulson LJ’s judgment in the Court of Appeal in that case was approved: ‘Essentially, section 123(2) [of the Insolvency Act 1986 (IA 1986)] requires the court to make a judgment whether it has been established that, looking at the company’s assets and making proper allowance for its prospective and

On the death of the first spouse to die (H), the residence nil rate band (RNRB) was not used, due to the exemption from inheritance tax on the transfer of the qualifying residential interest to a trust containing a qualifying interest in possession in his Will. However, his unused RNRB was available to be carried forward

We have assumed that the period of residence of the surviving spouse in a care home is permanent and the spouses acquired their respective interests in the property at the same time and the deceased spouse occupied the property until his death. On the death of the deceased spouse, the personal representatives would have been treated as acquiring the deceased's interest in the property at its then market value and any chargeable gains accrued up to that date would have been wiped out (section 62 of the Taxation of Chargeable Gains Act 1992 (TCGA1992)). Therefore, on the sale by the personal representatives (or trustees if the administration of the estate

Private Client analysis: The First-tier Tribunal (Tax) (FTT) ruled in the taxpayer’s favour, deciding that Mr. Candy did have four years to lodge the claim for a tax refund. This, in turn, meant that Mr Candy was entitled to receive a £1.92m stamp duty refund after almost a ten-year dispute with HMRC. The decision is likely to benefit taxpayers in stamp duty land tax (SDLT) disputes overpayments, and it provides for a broader interpretation and application of paragraph 34 of Schedule 10 to the Finance Act 2003. Written by Shanzé Shah at Old Square Tax Chambers.

The answer depends on when the window frame was installed. If it is an original feature, or an exact replacement of an original feature, the answer is no, there is no trespass. By contrast, if the window is new, the answer may be different. To begin with, the question concerns a block of flats, split up horizontally with leasehold title being granted to the flat on each floor. Where the window is an original feature, or an exact replacement of an original feature, the following points are likely to support lawful use of the window. The air space above and the soil below In Lejonvarn v Cromwell Mansions Management Company Ltd, the High Court observed that the legal presumption that a conveyance of land carries with it the air space above and the soil below cannot be applied generally in the case of leases and must depend on looking at the particular circumstances of the lease within

We have assumed for the purposes of this Q&A that A’s will is validly executed and makes no provision for C. The law of England and Wales allows a testator to leave their estate as they wish on death. A is therefore free to leave their estate to B regardless as to whether that is considered unfair. Claims by C or B’s siblings cannot be excluded. However prudent steps can be taken. On A’s death, C will have a right to claim under the Inheritance (Provision for Family and Dependants) Act 1975 (I(PFD)A 1975). As a child of A, C will be entitled to claim under I(PFD)A

For information generally: • on contractual redundancy payments, see Practice Note: Contractual redundancy payments • on maternity leave and pay, see Practice Notes: Maternity leave and Maternity pay • on the special protection available to an employee under the Maternity and Parental Leave etc Regulations 1999 (MAPLE 1999), SI 1999/3312, reg 10 where a redundancy situation arises during her maternity leave, see Practice Note: The right to return to work after maternity leave, in particular section: Redundancy during pregnancy or maternity leave Can statutory maternity pay (SMP) be paid as a lump sum? The

Arbitration analysis: The Supreme Court of India in Nagreeka Indcon Products Pvt Ltd v Cargocare Logistics (India) Pvt Ltd held that an arbitration clause providing that disputes ‘can’ be settled by arbitration did not constitute a binding arbitration agreement. The court emphasised that arbitral jurisdiction is founded on clear mutual consent and that permissive wording denotes only a future possibility of arbitration rather than a mandatory obligation. The decision reinforces the importance of precise drafting in dispute resolution clauses and confirms that courts, even at the limited prima facie stage under section 11 of the Arbitration and Conciliation Act 1996, will refuse to compel arbitration where contractual language does not unequivocally evidence a binding intention to arbitrate. Produced in partnership with Shaneen Parikh and Rahul Mantri of Cyril Amarchand Mangaldas.

We do not have a Precedent which matches your precise requirements. However, the general rule is that a legacy which does not indicate a specific amount may nonetheless be valid provided that there is a formula or method which clearly identifies the amount of the legacy. In the present case, relevant facts are likely to include: • the date on which the testator of the other estate died • the date of their Will • the names and addresses of the

Restructuring & Insolvency analysis: In this case, trustees in bankruptcy successfully obtained judgment under section 423 of the Insolvency Act 1986 (IA 1986) against a bankrupt’s former business partner and his son. The court held that John Jones had gifted £3m to his son, Adam Jones, (the gift) with the purpose of keeping the money out of the hands of Mr Hamilton, to whom John Jones owes over £2m following previous litigation in April 2019. The gift was accepted by all parties to be a transaction at undervalue and the main focus of the trial was on John Jones’ purpose in giving the gift. The defendants relied on a deed of gift and John Jones’ financial capacity to satisfy any judgment as evidence negating any IA 1986, s 423 purpose. The judgment also sets out the applicable law on IA 1986, s 423 cases, as distilled in Ethos Solutions Ltd; Purkiss v Kennedy and others, Lord Justice Newey at para [18]. Written by Stefan Ramel, barrister, at Guildhall Chambers, assisted by Jennifer Edwards, pupil barrister at Guildhall Chambers.