A claim in bankruptcy is a creditor’s assertion that it is owed a provable debt from an insolvent individual or partnership and seeks payment through the formal bankruptcy process rather than direct enforcement against the debtor. In practice, it is made by submitting a proof of debt or claim form to the trustee in bankruptcy (or official receiver), setting out the amount, basis and supporting evidence of the debt.Across England and Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland, the concept is broadly consistent and governed principally by insolvency legislation (for example, the Insolvency Act 1986 and associated rules), which defines what debts are provable, how contingent or future liabilities are treated, and the ranking of different categories of claim. In Ireland, similar principles apply under the Bankruptcy Act 1988 (as amended) and related rules.Claims in bankruptcy determine creditors’ entitlement to share in any distribution from the bankrupt estate and the extent to which debts are released on discharge. They are distinct from secured claims (enforced primarily against security) and from non-provable liabilities, which may survive bankruptcy depending on the applicable statutory regime.