The court held outside of Edinburgh by the High Court of Justiciary.

A temporary connection that is established on request between two or more stations in order to allow the exclusive use of that connection until it is released. At present, most voice networks are based on circuit-switching, whereas the Internet is packet-based. See also Packet-based.

In the context of the Listing Rules, any document issued to holders of listed securities including notices of meetings but excluding prospectuses, listing particulars, annual reports and accounts, interim reports, proxy cards and dividend or interest vouchers.

Meaning of a ‘circular economy’ The Waste and Resources Action Programme (WRAP) states that ‘circularity transforms our throwaway economy into one where we eliminate waste, circulate resources, and adopt nature-positive, low carbon, resource-efficient systems and actions’. as ‘an alternative to a traditional linear economy (make, The concept is one that recognises the inherent values of waste and views waste as a resource rather than material to be disposed of. By bringing waste back into use, either through re-use, recycling or recovery operations, then the impact of resource use upon the environment is significantly reduced. The concept of circular economy is also linked to ecodesign. Products must be designed from the outset to stay in use, be repaired, re-used and ultimately recycled. Without ecodesign circular economy cannot function in practice. For more information on ecodesign, see Practice Note: GB Ecodesign of products—lifecycle assessment. For further information on the waste hierarchy and waste recovery, see Practice Notes: Meaning of waste—waste hierarchy and Meaning of waste—recovery operations. Origins of the concept The term circular economy was coined by

The circular economy is a model of production and consumption, which involves designing products and materials for sharing, leasing, reusing, repairing, refurbishing and recycling so that products can last for as long as possible.  In this way, the life cycle of products is extended.

Whether you need to do anything will depend on the date you entered into the conditional fee agreement (CFA). CFAs entered into from 1 April 2013 onwards If you entered into the CFA on or after 1 April 2013 there are no longer any provisions within the CPR in relation to funding arrangements. There is therefore no requirement to inform the court, or the other side, about whether information within the CFA is accurate as you are no longer able to recover success fees from the other side. Exception: if the CFA relates to a claim dealing with either insolvency or privacy and publication disputes the new provisions have yet to take effect. In such cases

Energy analysis: Is a petroleum exploration and development licence (PEDL) solely a statutory licence incapable of variation pursuant to contract law? Specialist environmental lawyer Lucy Bruce Jones, of Norton Rose Fulbright, examines the High Court’s answer in Dean v Secretary of State for BEIS.

A creditor is required to make disclosures to an intended guarantor under certain specific circumstances.

This Practice Note provides practical guidance on absorption and circumvention reviews in anti-dumping investigations. It provides guidance on the legal basis for these reviews, the application and initiation of these reviews and the conduct and possible outcomes of these reviews. Introduction When anti-dumping duties are imposed, it may be possible that some exporters try to avoid the anti-dumping duties. One example would be where an ad valorem anti-dumping duty has been imposed. For guidance on ad valorem duties, see Practice Note: An introduction to Trade in Goods. Typically, an ad valorem anti-dumping duty would be expressed as a percentage usually of the Free on Board (FOB) price. Exporters are then able to circumvent the effect of the duties by lowering their FOB prices. This example illustrates that it is possible for an exporter to absorb the effect of a duty. Investigating authorities allow parties to bring a review to investigate if exporters are absorbing the anti-dumping duty. The UK’s Trade Remedies Authority (TRA) refers to such a review as an absorption review. It

A citation is an instrument which recites that a matter is before the court, sets out the interest claimed by the person extracting the citation and calls upon the party cited to enter an appearance or take some other specified step.

A court summons that applies to a witness, juror or party.

This Practice Note sets out the practice and procedure governing the citation of authorities in the family courts. It considers the 2001 Practice Note (citation of cases: restrictions and rules) (the 2001 Practice Note on the citation of authorities) and the 2012 Practice Direction (Citation of Authorities) (the 2012 Practice Direction on the citation of authorities). The President of the Family Division’s guidance on the citation of authorities and judgments of circuit judges and district judges published on 27 February 2025 (the 2025 guidance) is also set out which confirms that judgments at circuit and district judge level should not be cited unless they contain an express statement, approved by the relevant leadership judge. Cases which have been cited retrospectively are set out. Judgment publication guidelines It is generally in the public interest for judgments to be published, even where they arise from private proceedings, and even where there is no particular public interest in the individual case or judgment subject to any countervailing European Convention on Human Rights, Art 8 issues, which may justify