Statutory demands for property disputes lawyers

This Overview points out the key areas for property disputes lawyers dealing with statutory demands, and indicates where to find information. For a general introduction to statutory demands, see Practice Note: Statutory demands for property disputes lawyers.

What is a statutory demand?

A statutory demand is a formal demand for payment of a debt which is served by a creditor on its debtor (it is not a court process and it does not need to be issued at court).

Under the Insolvency Act 1986 (IA 1986), a statutory demand can only be served on:

  1. an individual if the debtor owes a liquidated and unsecured debt exceeding the bankruptcy minimum threshold (the bankruptcy level) of £5,000 and that debt is not disputed, or there is no cross or counterclaim which equals or exceeds the debt

  2. a company if the company owes at least £750

Prior to serving a statutory demand, the landlord should check that the tenant is not already subject to an insolvency regime which would prevent a demand being served. Examples include the free-standing moratorium applicable

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Insolvency, declarations of trust, loan agreements, artificial asset protection, sham transactions, transactions defrauding creditors, interspousal asset transfers, change of position defence and wife’s entitlement to share of husband’s assets (Sayers v Dixon)

Restructuring & Insolvency analysis: The court held that six declarations of trust (DoTs) executed by the transferor (Mr Dixon) in favour of his wife (Mrs Dixon) constituted transactions defrauding his creditors within the meaning of section 423 of the Insolvency Act 1986 (IA 1986) and that two of them, purporting to transfer all his future assets and income to Mrs Dixon, along with an accompanying loan agreement, were shams which were void and ineffective. It set aside the DoTs and ordered Mrs Dixon to restore the value of three transferred properties (which had been converted into £551,589 cash) to Mr Dixon’s trustees in bankruptcy (trustees) together with interest of £101,726. It also ordered an account to be taken of the funds that had been transferred to Mrs Dixon or on her behalf by Mr Dixon over the seven years between the date of the DoTs and his bankruptcy. The court dismissed Mrs Dixon’s defence of change of position to the trustees’ claim for restoration, finding that even if such a defence were generally available (which is unclear), she had not acted in good faith and could not rely on it. It also dismissed her defence that, having been married to Mr Dixon for many years, she was entitled to half his assets and/or an entitlement to a share of them by virtue of a right to be maintained. Written by Jonathan Lopian, barrister at New Square Chambers, who acted for the successful claimants.

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