The definition of ‘Supplementary employment’ is found in the Definitions section in the Immigration Rules: Introduction, and since 22 July 2025 has said: ‘Supplementary employment’ means employment in a job (other than the job for which the person is being sponsored) which either: ‘(a) appears in Appendix Immigration Salary List; or (b) is in the same profession and at the same professional level as the job for which the person is being sponsored; or (c) if the person has permission as a Skilled Worker, is in an eligible SOC 2020 occupation code listed in Tables 1, 2 or 3 of Appendix Skilled Occupations; or (d) if the person was granted permission as a Skilled Worker under the rules in

Rule 79 of the Land Registration Rules 2003 (LRR 2003), SI 2003/1417 provides that an application to record in the register the determination of a registered estate must be accompanied by evidence to satisfy the registrar that the estate has determined. If the registrar is satisfied that the estate has determined, he must close the registered title to the estate and cancel any notice in any other registered title relating to it, save in the circumstance specified in LRR 2003, SI 2003/1417, r 79(3). Where a tenant surrenders a lease to their

Depending on how an applicant (only when in the UK with permission to work) or a sponsor intends to meet the financial requirement in the Immigration Rules, Appendix FM, they must consider which category their income will fall under. Categories A–G are explained by the Home Office in their accompanying guidance document: Immigration Directorate Instruction Family Migration: Appendix FM Section 1.7 Appendix Armed Forces Financial Requirement. The guidance clarifies how income is to be calculated and evidenced within each category, as well as which categories can and cannot be combined. Care should be taken in regard to the financial requirement, as it is a common reason for refusal in Appendix FM applications. Where the financial requirement is being met through earnings from employment, and the person has been earning that level of income from the employment

The Environment Act 2021 (EA 2021) received Royal Assent on 9 November 2021 and provides a framework for environmental policies following the departure of the UK from the EU. It covers the protection of nature, water quality, clean air and various other existing environmental provisions, as well as giving powers to set binding targets for air quality, water, biodiversity, waste reduction and others. It also deals with various other reforms to waste and recycling services and in respect of new statutory duties on local authorities regarding nature recovery. EA 2021 deals with various gaps that arise as a result of the leaving of

Where the accident occurred on or after 31 July 2013 the Road Traffic Accident Low Value Protocol (Protocol) upper limit on a full liability basis is £25,000 including pecuniary losses, but excluding interest (para 1.2). This Protocol applies

In answering this Q&A, we have limited our research to cover the position under the Privacy and Electronic Communications (EC Directive) Regulations 2003, SI 2003/2426 (PECR) and assume this Q&A does not relate to corporate subscribers. The Data Protection Act 1998 (DPA 1998) provides certain rights to individuals in relation to how their personal data is used, including for direct marketing purposes. The PECR, SI 2003/2426 as amended provides specific rules on sending direct marketing messages by electronic means. DPA 1998, s 11(3) defines direct marketing as: ‘the communication

A contract term which excludes or limits liability is subject to both statutory and common law controls. A different regime is in place for contracts between businesses and consumers and it is generally more difficult for businesses to exclude or limit their liability in relation to these contracts. For the purposes of answering this Q&A, the scope has been limited to business-to-business contracts. In relation to business-to-business contracts, the following types of liability can be excluded or limited by a term in a contract but only to the extent that the term passes the reasonableness test described in section 11 of the Unfair Contract Terms Act 1977 (UCTA 1977): • negligence other than negligence resulting in death or personal injury (UCTA 1977, s 2(2)) • misrepresentation or any

This Q&A assumes that the query relates to a general commercial contract between businesses (B2B). A contract term which excludes or limits liability is subject to both statutory and common law controls. See Practice Note: Exclusion and limitation of liability which considers exclusion and limitation of liability in B2B contracts. It provides guidance on the common law and statutory controls affecting exclusion and limitation of liability clauses. See, in particular, the section headed Fraud. Limiting/excluding remedies for misrepresentation—statute Under statute (Misrepresentation Act 1967 (MA 1967, s 3)) a contract term which excludes or restricts: ‘(b) any remedy available to another party to the contract by reason of such a misrepresentation’ [emphasis added] is of no effect except to the extent that it satisfies the reasonableness test under section 11(1) and Schedule 2 to the Unfair Contract Terms Act 1977

We can find no authority confirming that it is possible to convert a redeemable share into a non-redeemable share. The view reached on this question will depend on the interpretation given to the relevant case law and the statutory provisions on the redemption of shares and class rights and we can give no definitive answer. Case law There is case law (Re St. James' Court Estates) establishing that it is not possible to convert existing non-redeemable shares into redeemable shares, even where this process forms part of a statutory scheme of arrangement. The case was decided on the basis that section 46 of the Companies Act 1929 (the equivalent provision to section 684 of the Companies Act 2006 (CA 2006)) only contemplated the issue of redeemable shares. However, it should be noted in Forth Wines Limited, Petitioners (a Scottish case, in which Re St. James' Court Estates was distinguished), the court held that the conversion of issued ordinary shares into

A collateral warranty is an agreement that is ancillary to the primary contract. The purpose of a collateral warranty is to ensure that a party that would not otherwise be in a direct contractual nexus with the entity that is carrying out works (such as, for example, design works or building works) does have a direct contractual claim without having to rely on the Contracts (Rights of Third Parties) Act 1999. They became more prominent in the construction industry following the rejection of the approach to tortious liability in Anns v Merton London Borough Council in D&F Estates v Church Commissioners and Murphy v Brentwood District Council, which made it much more difficult to bring a claim in negligence for defective building work. For more information, see Collateral warranties—overview. The question does not specify the form of contract in the primary contract or if a standard form collateral

A business sale agreement or business transfer agreement records the terms and conditions by which the seller transfers its business and the assets used by such business to the buyer. It is often referred to as an asset purchase agreement (APA). It is the key document in any business transfer. The buyer agrees to pay the seller the purchase price for the acquisition of the business in return for which the seller transfers the title in the business assets by the appropriate mechanism (which will depend on the type of assets being transferred). The sale of a business is really a sale of assets

We refer you to the following content: • Precedent: Agreement for division of assets by way of reconstruction in accordance with the Insolvency Act 1986 Section