A service based on calling line identity that allows customers to see the number from which someone is calling them before they answer the telephone.

This Practice Note summarises the law in relation to calling a general meeting of a private company limited by shares or a public company limited by shares. It is also suitable for companies with equity shares listed on the Main Market of the London Stock Exchange and companies with equity shares admitted to AIM. A general meeting of the members of a company can be called and held at any point, and any number of times, in a year in order for the members to pass resolutions to carry out certain changes or approve certain actions. Detailed requirements as regards the convening and holding of a general meeting are set out in the Companies Act 2006 (CA 2006). A company must also comply with any requirements in its articles of association in relation to convening general meetings. For details on the notice requirements for a general meeting of: • a private or unlisted public company, see Practice Note: General meetings—notice requirements for private and unlisted public companies • a listed company or an AIM company,

There are two forms of general meetings under the Companies Act 2006 (CA 2006); general meetings and annual general meetings (AGMs). A general meeting of the members of a company can be called and held at any point, and any number of times, in a year in order for the members to pass resolutions to carry out certain changes or approve certain actions. A public company must hold an AGM each year within the period of six months beginning with the date following its accounting reference date. A private company is not required to hold an AGM each year (although it may choose to do so, or its articles of association may contain provisions requiring the company to hold an AGM each year). The members of a private company can pass resolutions at general meetings of the company or by way of written resolution. The members of a public company can pass resolutions at general meetings of the company only. Detailed requirements as regards the convening and holding of a general meeting are set out in CA 2006.

This checklist outlines the requirements for preparing for a general meeting (GM) or annual general meeting (AGM) of a company. It is suitable for use by both practitioners and company secretaries in relation to private and public limited companies, listed or unlisted companies. It covers calling a GM or AGM, including the members’ and court’s powers to call a meeting, notice requirements, practical preparatory steps and a company secretary’s checklist in relation to actions to take regarding the meeting. Holding hybrid GMs and AGMs Since the COVID-19 pandemic, many companies have made provision for remote participation at meetings, most obviously by amending their articles to accommodate remote attendance, counting in quorum and the ability to vote. For further information see Practice Note: Holding entirely virtual or hybrid general meetings and AGMs. Calling a general meeting A company GM (including an AGM) may be called by: • the company’s directors: ◦ of their own motion ◦ pursuant to a valid request of the members who hold at least 5% of the paid-up

A service that allows calls made from a telephone to be billed to a different telephone or credit card account.

A facility that enables identification of the number from which a call is being made.

This Checklist sets out the key issues to consider when making a call (claim) on a conditional bond (sometimes known as a default bond). The call is made to the surety, who will often be an insurance or surety company. In this Checklist, we assume that the bond was provided by a contractor to its employer, but similar principles would apply where, for example, a contractor calls a performance bond provided by its sub-contractor. Is the bond on demand or conditional? The wording of the bond should make this clear, although the name it gives itself is not determinative. Consider: • Who is the surety? An on demand bond is often backed by a bank, whereas a conditional bond is backed by an insurance or surety company. • Is the contractor a party? The contractor does not need to be a party to an on demand bond, but may be party to a conditional bond. • What is the surety’s liability? If the obligations of the surety under the bond are independent

This Checklist sets out the key issues to consider when making a call (claim) on an on demand bond. The call is made to the surety, who will often be a bank. In this Checklist, we assume that the bond was provided by a contractor to its employer, but similar principles would apply where, for example, a contractor called on an on demand bond provided by its sub-contractor. Is the bond on demand or conditional? The wording of the bond should make this clear, although the name it gives itself is not determinative. Consider: • Who is the surety? An on demand bond is often backed by a bank, whereas a conditional bond is backed by an insurance or surety company. • Is the contractor a party? The contractor does not need to be a party to an on demand bond, but may be party to a conditional bond. • What is the surety’s liability? If the obligations of the surety under the bond are independent of the obligations of the

Construction analysis: The Outer House of the Court of Session held that the pursuer’s demand under an on-demand performance bond, given in respect of a contract for the design and construction of a residential development, was valid. The court rejected the defender’s argument that the demand had to specify every factual breach and every contractual provision relied upon—rather, the bond required only the information stipulated by its wording, read through the lens of the reasonable recipient. The court also held that the signature on the demand was sufficient, notwithstanding that the signatory described himself as ‘General Partner’ in an LLP (which was not a position recognised in law). The case is a reminder that what is needed to achieve ‘strict compliance’ with the terms of a bond is ultimately a matter of construction, and that the court will be mindful of the commercial sensibility of competing interpretations.

Billing option whereby the person making the call is charged. By contrast, in a 'receiving party pays' (RPP) system, the individual that receives the call pays all charges for that call.

In a calling party’s network pays (CPNP) regime, the call receiver’s provider levies some predetermined charge per minute on the call originator’s provider for termination, while the call receiver’s communications provider pays nothing.

MedTech Europe and other trade bodies have called on the European Commission and EU legislators to revise the medical device legislation currently under review to permit additional non-essential information about medical devices to be provided by digital label, such as for the importer and authorised representative information. Ultimately, the position paper endorses that all medical device information that is not essential for the device's safe use should be provided in a digital format pending the outcome of the IHI Call 10 Digital label project