The law relating to the recording of conversations between private individuals and the use of those recordings in court proceedings is a developing area. As a matter of first principles, there is no offence committed where an individual covertly records a conversation with another individual. The Regulation of Investigatory Powers Act 2000 (RIPA 2000) applies to public bodies but not to individuals. Likewise, the Telecommunications (Lawful Business Practice) (Interception of Communications) Regulations 2000, SI 2000/2699 apply to businesses in respect of the recording of conversations without notice to the person being recorded or in certain specified exceptional circumstances. Recordings may also be breach of the EU’s General Data Protection Regulation, Regulation (EU) 2016/679 (EU GDPR). In M v F (Covert Recordings of children) , Peter Jackson J (as he then was) commented that the exemption within the legislation applying to normal domestic use may not apply to recordings processed for

Details of eligibility under the Windrush Compensation Scheme are summarised in Practice Note: The Windrush Scheme. The key document in deciding claims under the compensation scheme is the Windrush Compensation Scheme: full rules (the Rules). The Rules provide for the types of compensation award that can be made under the scheme. At paragraph 3.2, it states: 'An award in respect of certain immigration fees and legal fees may be made to a primary claimant, an estate or a close family member in accordance with the provision made in Annex B of the Scheme.' Within Annex B, the Rules confirm (at B1(e)) that compensation claims can be made for reimbursement only in respect of certain

A limited liability partnership (LLP) is not a partnership but a body corporate that is formed under the Limited Liability Partnerships Act 2000 (LLPA 2000). LLPA 2000 is largely a framework statute covering the formation of an LLP and the relationship of the members of an LLP. It is supplemented by various statutory instruments. In particular: • the Limited Liability Partnerships Regulations 2001 (LLPR 2001), SI 2001/1090 apply certain provisions of partnership law to LLPs • the Limited Liability Partnerships (Application of Companies Act 2006) Regulations 2009, SI 2009/1804 apply many parts

Except for the requirement to keep board minutes for ten years from the date of a meeting and the requirement for minutes to be signed, board meetings are not regulated by the Companies Act 2006. Instead a company’s articles of association will usually contain provisions specifying how directors’ meetings are convened and held, including notice and quorum requirements. Gore-Browne states that where a quorum

In property transactions, a sale contract becomes legally binding on exchange of contracts. It is common practice for exchange to take place by telephone in accordance with the Law Society's Formulae for exchanging contracts by telephone (the Formulae): • formula A, where the seller’s solicitor holds both parts of the contract • formula B, where each solicitor is holding their own clients signed contract, or • formula C, where there is a chain of transactions Use of the Formulae automatically includes an undertaking by each solicitor to forward the other their client’s part of the contract on the day of exchange, by first class post, document exchange or personal delivery, see Practice Note: Transferring commercial property—a practical guide — Exchange. Depending on the status of the person who

Introduction Janice Campbell suffered from arthritis and had difficulties walking and standing, as well as having a tendency to suffer from migraines. She bought a package holiday in Tunisia from Thomas Cook in 2011. She brought two separate claims against Thomas Cook for failures to make reasonable adjustments under section 29 of the Equality Act 2010. The first case In the first case, she claimed Thomas Cook had failed to make reasonable adjustments when she was waiting to fly home from Tunisia following disruption. Mrs Campbell was transported to Monastir Airport to catch a flight back to the UK on 15 January 2011, but was not provided with any seating or wheelchair facilities whilst she waited for four hours, only to find that no flight was available and she had to return to her hotel. The standing and waiting caused her to suffer from a migraine which led to vomiting and extreme discomfort the following day when she was taken back to the airport finally to

The Q&A provides guidance on the reciprocal tariffs imposed by the United States (US). What types of tariffs have the US imposed in 2025? Since the beginning of 2025, the US has imposed a variety of tariffs. These include: • the first tariff of 10% imposed only against China, which was subsequently increased to 145% and then later reduced back to the original 10% • product specific tariffs. For example a 25% duty on steel and aluminium as well as vehicles • a baseline tariff of 10%. This baseline tariff would apply to all imports from all countries (in other words the origin of the product does not matter). Such a baseline tariff would apply over and above any other applicable tariff (such as a product specific tariff of an MFN or preferential tariff). The baseline tariff was imposed on 2 April 2025 • reciprocal tariffs. These reciprocal tariffs are imposed on a host of countries which in many instances exceed the baseline tariffs. These tariffs were set to commence one

EU Law analysis: This news analysis explores the requirement to register AI systems pursuant to Article 49 of Regulation (EU) 2024/1689 (the EU AI Act). The EU AI Act entered into force in August 2024, and the majority of its provisions, including the registration obligation, will apply from 2 August 2026. Written by Barry Scannell, Sophie Jones & Susan Walsh at William Fry LLP.

In the group structure outlined above, the unlisted overseas company B is not a registrable relevant legal entity (RLE) as it is not subject to its own disclosure requirements. It therefore cannot be entered into the PSC register of UK company A. Instead UK company A is required to 'trace through' overseas company B and register any individuals or RLEs who meet the ownership or control conditions above company B. Individual shareholders

Chapter 1 of the Education Act 2002 (EA 2002) makes provision for each maintained school to have a governing body, governed by an instrument of government (EA 2002, ss 19 and 20). The instrument of government determines the constitution of the governing body and other matters relating to the school (EA 2002, s 20(1)), supplemented by the School Governance (Constitution) (England) Regulations 2012, SI 2012/1034. Subject to any other statutory provision, the conduct of a maintained school shall be under the direction of the governing body. The School Governance (Constitution) (England) Regulations 2012, SI 2012/1034, reg 28 makes provision for the contents and form of an instrument of government. This includes setting out the name of the school (para 28(1)(a)). By the School Governance

Usually the identity of the employer will be evident from the terms of the contract itself. However, this might not always be the case. Where, for example, it is alleged that the terms of the written contract do not represent the actual terms agreed, or where the identity of the employing entity has subsequently changed, it can be unclear who the employer is. Equally, where there is no written contract of employment at all, it may not be immediately apparent who the employing entity is where there is a complex corporate group structure involved. Where it is alleged that the written contract does not represent the actual terms agreed In contrast to commercial contracts made between parties of equal bargaining power, the Supreme Court has recognised, in Autoclenz

The nature of the charge Our Practice Note: Taking security over land identifies the different types of security that may be voluntarily given, including charges over land. As to the enforcement of such charges, see our Practice Note: Enforcement—security over land. The above Practice Notes are contained in our Banking & Finance module. You may also find assistance from our Property module on mortgages, including the following Practice Notes: • Mortgages and land—enforcement of mortgages and legal charges over land • Mortgage possession claims The above Practice Notes consider charges over land given voluntarily, in distinction to charges which are obtained pursuant to a judgment debt or order (for such charges, see our Practice Note: Pre-6 April 2016—charging orders—what are they and when to use them [Archived]). As is evident from the above content, where