The Welsh Government has published its extensive 30by30 framework, which sets a target to protect 30% of Wales’ land, freshwater, and sea by 2030 in alignment with Target 3 of the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework. The document details criteria for both protected areas and Other Effective area-based Conservation Measures (OECMs)—currently covering 11% of Welsh land and 69% of inshore marine areas—and introduces Resilient Ecological Networks (RENs) to connect critical habitats. The framework also outlines robust monitoring requirements, including the use of the MEPCA tool, and highlights support mechanisms such as the Sustainable Farming Scheme alongside existing designations like Sites of Special Scientific Interest (SSSIs) and Marine Conservation Zones (MCZs). This integrated strategy aims to facilitate ecosystem recovery, address biodiversity loss, and ensure equitable, long-term conservation outcomes, reinforcing Wales' commitment to nature recovery, climate resilience, and sustainable natural resource management.