This Practice Note provides some general guidance for practitioners that may be new to advocacy in international arbitration, including some practical tips both for an advocate’s preparation and for conducting advocacy at a hearing. While the importance of written advocacy cannot be understated, this Practice Note focuses primarily on oral advocacy. The use of advocacy in arbitration Oral advocacy forms an integral part of many international arbitration proceedings. Counsel may encounter advocacy throughout the life of an arbitration, including at: • case management conferences and procedural hearings (the first of which, in particular, often involves contentious procedural issues about how the arbitration should be conducted) • preliminary issue hearings (eg contesting jurisdiction, or resolving discrete points of law) • interim applications (eg applications relating to document production, applications relating to redaction of privileged documents, seeking further and better particulars, or seeking security for costs), and • merits hearings, which incorporates a broad range of advocacy such as opening statements, submissions to the tribunal on particular issues, direct and re-examination