In the early stages of IP development, a company may derive income from its qualifying IP rights but not yet make a profit. Alternatively, a company may generate a profit that is less than the routine return on the costs of earning such income. Where a company has a relevant IP loss (RIPL) as a result of its patent box calculation (for which, see Practice Note: Patent box calculation of relief—new rules), the company will not benefit from patent box relief in relation to the loss-making trade for that accounting period. Instead, the company must: • set off the RIPL: ◦ first, against any patent box profits from another trade of the company, and ◦ secondly against any patent box profits of another group company for a relevant accounting period, and • to the extent any RIPL remains, the company must carry the balance forward to set against future patent box profits (of its own or within its group) Broadly, this is intended to ensure that a company’s