Note that additional commentary on the issues discussed in this Practice Note in the context of the regulation, consenting and incentivisation of the net zero energy transition is available in the following textbook that we have published: Collinson and Hockman on Energy Law: Regulating, Consenting and Incentivising the Energy Transition. What is Ofgem? The Gas and Electricity Markets Authority (GEMA) regulates the energy system in Great Britain (GB), including the power and downstream onshore gas industries under the Utilities Act 2000 (UA 2000), as amended by the Electricity and Gas etc. (Amendment etc) (EU Exit) Regulations 2019, SI 2019/530. GEMA acts through (and so is often referred to as) the Office of Gas and Electricity Markets (Ofgem), a non-ministerial government department. In simple terms, Ofgem (acting on behalf of GEMA) is the energy regulator in GB. Its key role is to protect the interests of energy consumers. Ofgem is responsible for overseeing the licensing regimes in place across a number of industries in GB. Historically, Ofgem’s regulatory purview through these licensing regimes focused on (i) the generation, supply,