The NDA's best estimate of how much it will cost to clean up the UK's legacy nuclear sites based on the expected costs of decommissioning, dismantling and demolishing buildings, managing and disposing of all waste and remediation of land.

1 A device in which nuclear fission may be sustained and controlled in a self-supporting nuclear reaction. The varieties are many, but all incorporate certain features, including fissionable material or fuel, a moderating material (unless the reactor is operated on fast neutrons), a reflector to conserve escaping neutrons, provisions of removal of heat, measuring and controlling instruments, and protective devices. The reactor is the heart of a nuclear power plant. 2 A device in which a fusion chain reaction can be initiated, maintained, and controlled. Its essential components are fuel, shielding, and coolant. There are different approaches to fusion of which ITER, being a development of the JET reactor at Culham and the US National Ignition Facility at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory are two leading different approaches.

The protection of people and the environment from the harmful effects of radiation'>ionising radiation.

Nuclear Safety Culture: IAEA Safety Series No75-INSAG-4 Safety Culture defines NSC as "that assembly of characteristics and attitudes in organisations and individuals which establishes that, as an overriding priority, nuclear plant safety issues receive the attention warranted by their significance”.

See licence'>Site Licence.

The system of organisations, people, technology, activities, information and resources involved in moving nuclear energy from generator/supplier to customer.

A particular type of radioactive waste that is produced as part of the nuclear fuel cycle. Radioactive waste is a broader term that includes all waste that contains radioactivity. Nuclear waste is produced as a result of the activities needed to produce nuclear fission. These include extraction of uranium from ore, concentration of uranium, processing into nuclear fuel, and disposal of by-products.

Law360: Two former employees of Energy, Safety and Risk Consultants (UK) Ltd have issued a claim against the company for a total of £445,000 over their redundancy pension payouts, alleging that the business failed to honour their long-standing benefits from earlier employers after their contracts changed hands.

Decommissioning is the process of dealing with redundant nuclear facilities that have reached the end of their operational life. The objective of nuclear decommissioning is to either: • return the nuclear site in question to an unrestricted, de-licensed condition, or • return the site to a state so that the land can be used for suitable alternative uses

What is the impact of Brexit on the UK nuclear sector? As of 31 January 2020 (exit day), the UK ceased to be an EU Member State. However, at this point in time, the UK entered a transition/implementation period during which it continued to be treated by the EU as a Member State for many purposes. The UK’s exit from the EU also meant the UK’s exit from the Euratom Community. 11 pm (GMT) on 31 December 2020 marked the end of the Brexit transition/implementation period. At this point in time (referred to in UK law as ‘IP completion day’), key transitional arrangements came to an end and significant changes began to take effect across the UK’s legal regime. The UK’s exit from the EU also meant the UK’s exit from Euratom. Any changes relevant to this content are set out below. Following IP completion day, the European Union (Withdrawal) Act 2018 (EU(W)A 2018) created a new category of domestic UK law—‘retained EU Law’ (REUL)—made up of EU-derived rights and legislation that were preserved

What is the impact of Brexit on the UK nuclear sector? As of 31 January 2020 (exit day), the UK ceased to be an EU Member State. However, at this point in time, the UK entered a transition/implementation period during which it continued to be treated by the EU as a Member State for many purposes. The UK’s exit from the EU also meant the UK’s exit from the Euratom Community. 11 pm (GMT) on 31 December 2020 marked the end of the Brexit transition/implementation period. At this point in time (referred to in UK law as ‘IP completion day’), key transitional arrangements came to an end and significant changes began to take effect across the UK’s legal regime. The UK’s exit from the EU also meant the UK’s exit from Euratom. Any changes relevant to this content will be set out below. On 24 December 2020, the UK government announced it had agreed the EU-UK Trade and Cooperation Agreement (TCA), which is supplemented by a number of associated declarations and agreements including a separate Nuclear Co-operation Agreement

What is nuclear energy? Nuclear energy is the energy derived from the core (the 'nucleus') of an atom. Nuclear energy can be produced through either: • Fission (the splitting of a large atom into a smaller atom); or • Fusion (the joining together of smaller atoms to form larger atoms) Nuclear (fission) power plants split uranium atoms inside a nuclear reactor in a process called fission. The heat from fission is used to produce steam, which spins a turbine to generate electricity. While fission is currently used commercially to generate energy, nuclear fusion is not yet commercially viable. See: What is the future of nuclear power generation in the UK? below. Various countries around the world are increasingly adopting nuclear energy in order to meet the growing demand for clean energy and improving their energy security. What is the nuclear fuel cycle? The various industrial processes that lead to the production of electricity from nuclear reactions is called the nuclear fuel cycle. The cycle begins with the mining of uranium (or other ores such as thorium)