Where a customer taking a service from a mobile communications provider (eg Vodafone, Orange) or Service Provider (eg People’s Phone) can retain their telephone number when they change to a different mobile communications provider or service provider.

This Practice Note provides guidance on the rules applicable to UK mobile phones when they are used to roam outside of the UK. The regulation of roaming The term ‘roaming’ in relation to telecoms means the ability of a mobile phone network subscriber to use their device and continue to make and receive calls, send and receive data, use the internet, and access other communication services in another country outside of their home network’s geography. Roaming is made possible by agreements between customers’ home communication network operators and operators in other countries which enable users to connect to the foreign networks and ‘roam’ on them. In exchange for roaming rights, the communication network operators pay charges to each other. This surcharge is usually passed on by the home network operator to the subscriber. Roaming, especially when used for data connections, was historically unregulated, which often resulted in the network subscriber incurring significant costs. This was particularly the case if travellers had been unaware of their usage when travelling abroad. This resulted in users incurring ‘bill shock’ when faced

A service between mobile earth stations and one or more space stations, possibly including feeder links in operation.

A service whereby a customer's calls can be forwarded to different locations depending on the customer's movements, together with an communications provider or message-leaving service if calls cannot be connected to the customer.

CASE HUB ARCHIVED–this archived case hub reflects the position at the date of the decision of 27 March 2014; it is no longer maintained. See further, timeline, commentary and related cases. Case facts Outline OFT Chapter I investigation into Pride Mobility Products and retailers in relation to mobility scooters (Case CE/9578-12). Latest developments The OFT issued its infringement decision on 27 March 2014 and directed the companies to end the arrangements (where this hasn't happened already) and not to enter into similar arrangements in the future. The OFT didn't impose fines as the agreements count as a 'small agreement' that is immune from fines—this is the case where the combined turnover of the parties is less than £20m and price fixing is not involved. The OFT has issued its statement of objections. The parties will now have the

CASE HUB ARCHIVED–this archived case hub reflects the position at the date of the decision of 5 August 2013; it is no longer maintained. See further, timeline, commentary and related/relevant cases. Case facts Outline OFT Chapter I investigation into Roma Medical Aids and retailers in relation to mobility scooters. Latest developments On 5 August 2013, the OFT issued its infringement decision and directed the companies to end the arrangements (where this hasn't happened already) and not to enter into similar arrangements in the future. The OFT didn't impose fines as the agreements count as a 'small agreement' that is immune from fines—this is the case where the combined turnover of the parties is less than £20m and price fixing is not involved. The OFT has

Financial model used for undertaking financial viability testing, often referred to as a ‘toolkit’ appraisal.

As mentioned in the query, model article 4.1 of the model articles for private companies states that: ‘The Shareholders may, by Special Resolution, direct the Board to take, or refrain from taking, specified action’ However, if the shareholders passed such a resolution which directed the board to breach the constitution of the company or is otherwise illegal, it is difficult to see how the directors could be required to take such action given that it would be in breach of their statutory duties. Directors should not make decisions or take any

Articles of association in the form prescribed for certain types of companies under CA 2006, s 19. The Companies (Model Articles) Regulations 2008 (SI 2008/3229) provide default articles for private companies limited by shares, private companies limited by guarantee, and public companies. Since 1 October 2009, these model articles replace Table A as the default set of articles for limited companies incorporated on or after that date. Table A continues to apply to limited companies incorporated before 1 October 2009, unless and until they specifically adopt the model articles.

This archived Practice Note provides information on the data protection regime before 25 May 2018 and reflects the position under the Data Protection Act 1998 (DPA 1998). This Practice Note is for background information only and is not maintained. The General Data Protection Regulation, Regulation (EU) 2016/679 (the GDPR) (applicable from 25 May 2018) introduced substantial amendments to EU and UK data protection law and replaced DPA 1998 and Directive 95/46/EC (the Data Protection Directive) from that date. For subsequent guidance on Model Clauses under the GDPR, see Practice Note: UK GDPR and EU GDPR—transfers of personal data internationally and to international organisations—Article 46 tools. Model Clauses—an overview This practice note provides an overview of the EU Standard Contractual Clauses (also known as Model Clauses) which have been approved by the European Commission (the Commission). These standard form Model Clauses permit organisations to transfer personal data to a non-EEA third country which has not received an adequacy decision from the Commission. The Practice Note sets out the types of Model Clauses which are available and how

ARCHIVED: This Precedent has been archived and is not maintained. 1 Context These ‘Arrangements’ set out how you may make a complaint that an elected or co-opted member of this authority [or of a parish council within its area] has failed to comply with the authority’s Code of Conduct, and sets out how the authority will deal with allegations of a failure to comply with the authority’s Code of Conduct. Under section 28(6) and (7) of the Localism Act 2011, the Council must have in place ‘arrangements’ under which allegations that a member or co-opted member of the authority [or of a parish council within the authority’s area], or of a Committee or Sub-Committee of the authority, has failed to comply with that authority’s Code of Conduct can be investigated and decisions made on such allegations. Such arrangements must provide for the authority to appoint at least one Independent Person, whose views must be sought by the authority before it takes a decision on an allegation which

Index to the articles Part 1 Interpretation and limitation of liability 1 Defined terms 2 Liability of members Part 2 Directors Directors' powers and responsibilities 3 Directors' general authority 4 Members' reserve power 5 Directors may delegate 6 Committees Decision-making by directors 7 Directors to take decisions collectively 8 Unanimous decisions 9 Calling a directors' meeting 10 Participation in directors' meetings 11 Quorum for directors' meetings 12 Chairing of directors' meetings 13 Casting vote 14 Conflicts of interest 15 Records of decisions to be kept 16 Directors' discretion to make further rules Appointment of directors 17 Methods of appointing directors 18 Termination of director's appointment 19 Directors' remuneration 20 Directors' expenses Part 3 Members Becoming and ceasing to be a member 21 Applications for membership 22 Termination of membership Organisation of general meetings 23 Attendance and speaking at general meetings 24 Quorum for general meetings 25 Chairing general meetings 26 Attendance and speaking by directors and non-members 27 Adjournment Voting at general meetings 28 Voting: general 29 Errors and disputes 30 Poll votes 31 Content of proxy notices 32 Delivery of proxy notices 33 Amendments to resolutions Part 4 Administrative arrangements 34 Means of communication to be used 35 Company seals 36 No right to inspect accounts and other records 37 Provision for employees on cessation of business Directors' indemnity