The Ministry of Justice (MoJ) has launched a consultation seeking views on whether the standard of proof for the short-form inquest conclusion of unlawful killing in England and Wales should be changed from the civil standard, on the balance of probabilities, to the criminal standard, beyond reasonable doubt. The consultation follows the Supreme Court’s judgment in R (Maughan) v HM Senior Coroner for Oxfordshire [2020] UKSC 46, which confirmed that all short-form and narrative inquest conclusions are determined on the civil standard. It also follows a Rapid Review published on 24 October 2025 which recommended wider public and stakeholder engagement on the issue. An unlawful killing conclusion may arise where the evidence indicates murder, infanticide or manslaughter, including gross negligence or corporate manslaughter, although an inquest cannot determine criminal or civil liability or apportion blame to a named person. The consultation applies across contexts including workplace deaths, does not extend to suicide, lawful killing or narrative conclusions and is for evidence-gathering purposes only. The consultation closes on 7 December 2026.