Where more than one enforcement agency is responsible for the investigation and/or prosecution of criminal offences, the authorities often sign a joint memorandum of understanding (MoU). An MoU is an agreement between the enforcing authorities on how they will work together to investigate and prosecute offences together. It is worthwhile for practitioners to become familiar with any MoU in place which covers cases on which they are advising clients to ensure that the investigations are being conducted fairly, transparently and in the manner specified in the applicable MoU. This Practice Note lists some of the MoUs in place between regulators. It is not an exhaustive list. Serious Fraud Office The Serious Fraud Office (SFO) has entered into a large number of MoUs with other regulators and government bodies where their remits overlap. Copies of all the MoUs are published on the SFO website which is available here and include, by way of example, MoUs with the following bodies: • Crown Prosecution Service (CPS), Financial Conduct Authority (FCA), National Crime Agency (NCA), City of London Police,