A matter of law is an issue that must be determined by the court applying legal rules and principles, rather than by assessing facts or evidence. It contrasts with a “matter of fact”, which is for the fact‑finder (judge or jury) to resolve. In civil and criminal proceedings across England and Wales, Scotland, Northern Ireland and Ireland, questions of law are decided by the judge, such as the correct interpretation of legislation, the scope of a legal duty, the availability of a defence, or whether the facts as found can in law satisfy a particular cause of action or offence. The expression “matter of law” is descriptive rather than usually defined in statute. Its content is shaped mainly by case law distinguishing questions of law from questions of fact and from mixed questions of law and fact. The classification of an issue as a matter of law is practically important for appeals (where appellate courts generally review only errors of law), for submissions of no case to answer, and for applications for summary judgment or decree, where the court may dispose of a claim if it fails as a matter of law even on the assumed facts.