The Ministry of Housing, Communities and Local Government (MHCLG) has published five guidance documents on fire risk appraisals of external walls (FRAEWs) for residential blocks of flats in England. The guidance covers when an FRAEW may be needed, how to commission one, what to expect in FRAEW reports and how to assess report quality. An FRAEW is a specialist assessment of fire risk associated with a building’s external wall system and may be needed where a fire risk assessment (FRA) identifies concerns about external wall materials or construction. FRAEWs may be needed for blocks of flats of any height, while buildings with traditional brick or masonry walls are generally less likely to require one. Assessors should follow PAS 9980:2026, which replaces PAS 9980:2022, and should have appropriate specialist competence. FRAEWs completed by competent assessors using PAS 9980:2022 should generally remain valid until review or update is needed. FRAEW outcomes are expressed as low, tolerable, medium or high risk, with any recommended further assessment, mitigation or remediation expected to be proportionate to the identified risk. FRAEWs support but do not replace the wider FRA.