CASE HUB ARCHIVED—this archived case hub reflects the position at the date of the decision of 15 October 2024; it is no longer maintained. See further, timeline. Case facts Outline UK merger investigation into the completed acquisition by Lindab International AB of HAS-Vent Holdings Limited. The transaction involves horizontal overlaps in relation to the supply of circular ducts and fittings in England and Wales. Latest developments On 15 October 2024, the CMA issued its final report finding that the transaction may be expected to result in an SLC in the supply of circular ducts and fittings in the local areas centred around Nottingham and Stoke-on-Trent. In particular, the CMA found in these areas that the parties are close competitors and face only limited competition from alternative suppliers. This could lead to reduced choice and higher prices for installers of ventilation systems on those areas. To remedy the SLC, the CMA has decided that the most effect remedy was for Lindab International AB to market for sale each of the following potential divestment sites: Lindab Nottingham, Lindab Stoke-on-Trent,

To [Insert Adjoining Owner] Of [Adjoining Owner’s main address] [Insert Date] The Party Wall etc Act 1996 Notice of proposed works—Line of Junction Notice As the owner/s of [Insert Building Owner’s building] which is adjacent to your premises at [Insert Adjoining Owner’s building] I/we [Insert Building Owner] of [Insert Building Owner’s main address] notify you that in accordance with our rights under section 1 of

To [insert Adjoining Owner] Of [insert Adjoining Owner’s main address] [Insert Date] The Party Wall etc Act 1996 Notice of proposed works—Line of Junction Notice As the owner/s of [insert Building Owner’s building] which is adjacent to your premises at [insert Adjoining Owner’s building] I/we [insert

A form of network unbundling that allows a competitive service provider to offer ADSL (asymmetric digital subscriber line) using the high-frequency portion of a local loop at the same time that an incumbent continues to offer standard switched voice service over the low-frequency portion of the same loop.

Lineal consanguinity describes the direct blood relationship between people who descend one from another in a straight line, such as between parent and child, grandparent and grandchild, and so on upwards or downwards. It excludes collateral relatives (for example siblings, aunts, uncles and cousins), who share a common ancestor but do not descend directly from one another. In UK and Irish legal practice, lineal consanguinity is particularly relevant to the law on marriage and civil partnership prohibitions, succession and wills, conflicts of interest, and certain family law and adoption issues. It is commonly expressed in terms of “degrees” of relationship (first degree: parent–child; second degree: grandparent–grandchild, etc.). The concept is recognised across England and Wales, Scotland, Northern Ireland and Ireland, with broadly consistent usage, although specific statutory wording and treatment of degrees of relationship may differ between jurisdictions and legislative schemes. Some statutes refer expressly to “lineal ancestor” or “lineal descendant” rather than “lineal consanguinity”, but the underlying principle is the same: a direct blood line connecting two individuals.

CASE HUB (ARCHIVE 06/01/2016) ARCHIVED–this archived case hub reflects the position at the date of the decision of 6 January 2016; it is no longer maintained. See further, timeline and related cases. Case facts Outline UK merger investigation into the completed acquisition by Linergy Limited of Ulster Farm By-Products Limited. The transaction involves a horizontal overlap in the market for the processing of animal by-products from non-fallen stock and fallen stock in Northern Ireland. Latest developments On 6 January 2016, the CMA unconditionally cleared the transaction, confirming its provisional findings. Parties Linergy Limited (Linergy) is a renderer with a category 1 processing plant at Dungannon, Co Tyrone, Northern Ireland. Two of Linergy's shareholders are Linden Foods Limited and Dunbia Limited, both of which are meat processors in Northern Ireland. Ulster Farm By-Products Limited (UFBP) is a renderer with a category 3 processing plant at Crumlin, Co Antrim, Northern Ireland. Background Linergy and UFBP first had plans to merge in 2011/2012. The plans were abandoned after the former OFT decided, after a phase 1 merger investigation,

MLex: Microsoft-owned platform LinkedIn has appealed an Irish fine over the company’s processing of personal data for the purposes of targeted advertising and behavioral analysis, MLex has learned.

MLex: Microsoft-owned platform LinkedIn was fined €310m by the Irish Data Protection Commission (DPC) over the company’s processing of personal data for the purposes of targeted advertising and behavioral analysis. The fine imposed on 24 October 2024 is smaller than Microsoft expected, as the company set aside €393.4m last year in anticipation of a decision.

MLex: LinkedIn has revised its plans to use EU members’ personal data to train its generative artificial intelligence (AI) models following recommendations from Ireland’s Data Protection Commission (DPC), the regulator said. After the DPC highlighted a series of risks in LinkedIn’s proposed data processing, the company made various changes, including tighter data limits, stronger safeguards for minors, and clearer transparency for users, the regulator said in a statement on 7 November 2025. It added that while it had not approved the company’s AI data use, it considered further enforcement unnecessary but would continue to monitor compliance.

This Practice Note explains the manner in which intellectual property (IP) and other rights apply in the context of linking on the web, with specific regard to the perspective of a website operator. See also, Precedent: Linking policy. Brexit This Practice Note contains references to case law from the Court of Justice. For guidance on whether judgments of the Court of Justice are binding on UK courts, see Practice Note: Assimilated law. This Practice Note also refers to EU-derived domestic laws (that is, domestic legislation that implemented EU laws in the UK). From IP completion day at 11.00 pm on 31 December 2020 until the end of 2023, such laws were classified as retained EU law (REUL). However, assimilated law is the name given to REUL which remains in force after the end of 2023. The re-categorisation of REUL (and associated terms) to assimilated law reflects a change in its status and treatment under UK law, in that it is generally to be interpreted according to ordinary domestic law and principles. Since 1 January 2024,

Hyperlinking to us [You may not provide a link to our website without our express written consent. If you wish to provide a link to our website, please provide details of: the URL of each web page from which you are proposing to link to our website; the URL of each web page on this website to which you are proposing to link; and the purpose of the link, and we will consider your request.[ We only consider direct requests from website owners.] Please send requests to [insert email address]. OR We do not object to third-party

CASE HUB ARCHIVED—this archived case hub reflects the position at the date of the decision of 29 July 2021; it is no longer maintained. NOTE—appeals lodged before the CAT by Hg Capital LLP (1419/1/12/21), Cinven (Luxo 1) S.a.r.l (1421/1/12/21) and Mercury Pharmaceuticals Limited (1422/1/12/21) See further, timeline, commentary and related cases. Case facts Outline CMA Article 102 TFEU/Chapter II investigation into Advanz Pharma (formerly Concordia) in relation to an abuse of dominance through charging excessive and unfair prices for liothyronine tablets.  Latest developments On 29 July 2021, the CMA issued its infringement decision in which it found that Advanz Pharma abused its dominant position by charging excessive and unfair prices for liothyronine tablets.The CMA imposed fines totalling over £101.4m, broken down as follows:• Advanz Pharma—£40.9m• HgCapital (£8.6m) and Cinven (£51.9m)—these being two private equity firms that were previously owners of the businesses now forming part of Advanz Pharma. Parties Advanz Pharma (formelry trading as Concordia) is a US-headquartered pharmaceutical group. During the time of the anti-competitive conduct , Advanz Pharma included:•