Contractual notices by email Electronic communications An electronic communication can take a variety of forms. In section 15(1) of the Electronic Communications Act 2000, it means a communication transmitted—(a) by means of an electronic communication network, or (b) by other means, but while in an electronic form. The expression includes email, social media, telephone, text, facsimile, and websites. If a contract states that notice can be given by electronic communication, this is not restricted to notice by email. Construction of electronic communication clauses The courts will interpret notice clauses very strictly as the parties have selected the chosen method of communication under the contract. In the Canadian case of Kanitz v Rogers Cable Inc (2002) 21 BLR (3rd) 104 (not reported by LexisNexis®) at [32], the court stated that parties who choose to conduct their business electronically must bear the risks of doing so. In that case,