The International Swaps and Derivatives Association (ISDA) has responded to a European Commission Joint Research Centre (JRC) survey on carbon accounting, highlighting broad support among respondents for internationally recognised frameworks, particularly the Greenhouse Gas Protocol and International Organization for Standardization standards. Drawing on input from five ISDA member firms across the banking, exchange and market-data sectors, the response identifies fragmentation across carbon accounting frameworks as the principal challenge, citing duplicated reporting requirements, inconsistent methodologies, differing emissions boundaries and rapidly evolving regulations. Respondents identified Scope 3 emissions, allocation methodologies and a lack of interoperability between frameworks as key obstacles to comparability, efficiency and decision-useful reporting. They called for greater international harmonisation, including common emissions factor databases, interoperable digital reporting standards, automated mapping tools and mutual recognition of assurance processes. Respondents also supported an ‘audit once, report many’ approach to reduce compliance costs and improve consistency for globally active firms.