This Practice Note provides an introduction to the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN), and looks at options for protecting brands, including via the protection of domain and trade mark rights. An introduction to ICANN ICANN oversees the domain name system which, historically, had around 20 generic top-level domains (gTLD) such as .com, .biz and .net. Following the launch of ICANN's New Generic Top Level Domain Name Program, more than 1,200 new gTLDs were launched from late 2013 onwards. That new set of gTLDs included .xyz, .top, .loan and .club, as well as some famous brand names, eg .bmw and .hotmail. New gTLDs are available to the public (eg company.inc). Consequently, the choice of domain name endings increased by more than 1,200, for example, 'amazon' could be registered as amazon.shop, amazon.books, amazon.music and so on. The uptake of individual new gTLDs is, as a whole, growing fast—more than 37.8 million domain name registrations under the new gTLDs had been registered by the end of the first quarter of 2025. With