Genocide refers in legal practice to certain extreme acts of mass violence committed with the intention of destroying a national, ethnic, racial or religious group, in whole or in part. It is most often encountered in the context of international criminal law, asylum and immigration claims, universal jurisdiction, extradition, and human rights litigation.In the UK and Ireland, “genocide” is not a general common law term but a legally defined international crime. Its core elements derive from the 1948 UN Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide, implemented in the UK by the Genocide Act 1969 (now largely superseded) and subsequent legislation, and in Ireland by the Genocide Act 1973 and later statutes. Domestic courts interpret the term consistently with international jurisprudence, including decisions of international criminal tribunals.Key features include: (1) specified underlying acts, such as killing or causing serious bodily or mental harm; (2) the targeting of a protected group; and (3) the specific intent (dolus specialis) to destroy that group as such. Usage and legal meaning are broadly consistent across England and Wales, Scotland, Northern Ireland and Ireland.