Ireland—Employment analysis: This article, was written by Aisling Muldowney, Triona Sugrue, and Kate Heneghan of A&L Goodbody LLP. The EU Pay Transparency Directive (the Directive) came into force in June 2023 and Ireland has until 7 June 2026 to implement the new rules.

The Accountant in Bankruptcy (AiB) has reported a temporary disruption to the Scottish Register of Insolvencies (ROI) due to a cyber security issue but has confirmed that no data exfiltration or network compromise has occurred. To mitigate the impact, an interim solution has been implemented for data download subscribers. Practitioners requiring searches should email irt@aib.gov.uk with a completed template. Urgent transactions should be clearly marked in the email subject line. The AiB is actively working to restore normal operations and has apologised for the ongoing disruption.

Scottish insolvency service Accountant in Bankruptcy (AiB) has announced the launch of its new website, www.aib.gov.uk. Its aim is for the new site to be a hub of information for all involved in administering and managing debt solutions and products in Scotland. The launch is planned to contain minimum content and be built upon on a weekly basis.

The Accountant in Bankruptcy (AiB) has announced that an independent review of Scotland’s statutory debt solutions has published its final report, setting out 52 recommendations to ensure the system remains effective, accessible and aligned with a modern economy. The publication concludes the latest phase of a wide-ranging, long-term review to determine whether the current system continues to meet Scotland’s needs. The Scottish Government plans to consider the proposals, and a formal response is scheduled to be released after the Parliamentary election. Key recommendations include ensuring a progressive and fair regime; improving system join-up; strengthening access, capacity and expertise; and better supporting self-employed people and small businesses.

Aid and abet describes conduct where a person deliberately assists, encourages or facilitates another person to commit an offence, without necessarily carrying out the act themselves. It is concerned with secondary participation in crime.In England and Wales and Northern Ireland, the concept forms part of “aiding, abetting, counselling or procuring” under the Accessories and Abettors Act 1861 and is further shaped by case law. Liability generally requires proof that the aider and abettor intentionally assisted or encouraged the principal offender, knowing the essential circumstances of the offence.In Scotland, the equivalent concept is “art and part” liability, developed through common law rather than statute; the practical effect is similar, attributing criminal responsibility to those who participate in the commission of an offence by assistance or encouragement.In Ireland, aid and abet is used in both statutory and common law contexts to describe secondary liability, with similar requirements of intentional assistance or encouragement.Across all four jurisdictions, aiding and abetting can attract the same maximum penalty as the principal offence, making it a critical concept in advising clients on exposure arising from group criminality, joint enterprise and ancillary involvement.

This Practice Note provides practical guidance on the Aid for Trade initiative at the World Trade Organization (WTO). Introduction During the Hong Kong Ministerial Conference (the 6th Ministerial Conference) in 2005, the Aid for Trade initiative was launched. For guidance on Ministerial Conferences in general, see Practice Note: Institutions of the World Trade Organization. The Hong Kong Ministerial Conference recognised that Aid for Trade should aim to assist developing countries, particularly least developed countries (LDCs) to build the supply-side capacity and trade-related infrastructure that they need to assist them to implement and benefit from the WTO Agreements and more broadly expand their trade. Aid for Trade should thus assist developing countries to increase exports of goods and services, to integrate into the multilateral trading system and to benefit from liberalised trade and increased market access. The Ministerial Conference further invited the Director-General of the WTO to create a task force that could provide recommendations to the General Council on how Aid for Trade could most effectively contribute to the Doha Development Agenda. For guidance on General

This Practice Note considers issues in relation to the aids and appliances a claimant may require as a result of their injuries. A claimant will need to evidence that the aids and equipment claimed are for genuine medical or therapeutic need and are reasonably necessary. If the claim is significant, then evidence from a medical and/or care expert will be required. This Practice Note considers common issues which can arise including whether the items are available on the NHS and the associated cost of maintenance and replacement and insurance for some items. Common types of aids and equipment The aids that may be beneficial vary from the most straightforward (eg a shoe horn or walking stick) to the advanced (eg a computer system that provides assistance with speech or controls the home environment, media streaming services, or an integrated telephone/headset for a wheelchair or car). Common aids, equipment or alterations to the claimant’s home include: • wheelchairs • wheelchair ramps or lifts • stairlift • specially adapted car • hoist • specialised bath, a walk-in

CASE HUB See further, timeline and commentary. Case facts Outline European Commission merger investigation into the proposed acquisition by Air Canada of Transat (M.9489). The proposed transaction involves an horizontal overlap in the market for air transport service between the EEA and Canada. Latest developments On 2 April 2021, the notification to the Commission was withdrawn and the parties announced that they had abandoned the transaction. Parties • Air Canda: Air Canada is headquartered in Canada and is a global airline that provides scheduled passenger air transport services in Canada and internationally. It operates flights to Europe through its mainline fleet as well as through its subsidiary Air Canada Rouge, a lower-cost and leisure-focused service introduced in 2013. In addition to passenger air transport services, Air Canada also manages the Aeroplane loyalty program, provides air cargo service, ground handling services and offers vacation packages through Air Canada Vacations.• Transat: Transat is headquartered in Canada and is the parent company of Air Transat, which provides scheduled passenger air transport services in Canada and internationally. Transat is also active as an international holiday

Law360, London: Air France-KLM said 4 July 2025 that it plans to increase its stake in Scandinavian airline SAS to 60.5% by acquiring a 32% interest from investment manager Castlelake LP and another 8.6% from Lind Invest ApS.

CASE HUB ARCHIVED–this archived case hub reflects the position at the date of the decision of 12 May 2015; it is no longer maintained. See further, timeline, commentary and related cases. Case facts Outline European Commission Article 101 TFEU investigation into a cooperative joint venture between Air France-KLM, Delta Air Lines and Alitalia (case number AT.39964). The Commission accepted binding commitments from the parties on 12/05/2015. Parties Air France-KLM, Delta Air Lines and Alitalia Market(s) Scheduled passenger flights.Product market is scheduled air passenger transport, with the impact on time sensitive and non-time sensitive passengers assessed separately. Geographic markets are based on point of origin to point of destination (O&D) city pairs—every O&D city pair is a separate market. A number of airports are included in respective points of origin and destination provided that passengers consider them substitutable—generally, airports within 100km/1 hour drive time of the point of origin/destination are considered substitutable. Indirect flights (ie those requiring a change of plane en route) are considered substitutable for direct flights on long-haul route (over

CASE HUB (appeals lodged at the General Court in Cases T- 67/11 (Martinair), T-63/11 (Air France), T- 62/11 (Air France-KLM), T- 56/11 (SAS Cargo), T- 48/11 (BA), T- 46/11 (Deutsche Lufthansa), T- 43/11 (Singapore Airlines), T- 40/11 (LAN Airlines), T- 39/11 (Cargolux), T- 36/11 (Japan Airlines), T- 28/11 (Koninklijke) and T- 9/1 (Air Canada)) ARCHIVED–this archived case hub reflects the position at the date of the re-adopted decision of 17 March 2017; it is no longer maintained. Case facts Outline European Commission Article 101 TFEU investigation into a price fixing cartel in global air freight markets (AT.39258). Latest development On 17 March 2017, the European Commission re-adopted its infringement decision against 11 airline groups, imposing total fines exceeding €776m. The fines imposed are as follows: • Air Canada—€21,037,000, including a 15% reduction for leniency • Air France—€182,920,000, including a 20% reduction for leniency • KLM—€127,160,000, including a 20% reduction for leniency• British Airways—€104,040,000, including a 10% reduction for leniency • Cargolux—€79,900,000, including a 15% reduction for leniency • Cathay Pacific Airlines—€57,120,000, including a 20% reduction for leniency • Japan Airlines—€35,700,000, including a 25%

Law360, London: The insurance market could see a US$200m loss from the crash of Air India flight AI171, a data analytics firm said on 16 June 2025, contributing to a hardening in the commercial aviation market.