This week's edition of Environment weekly highlights includes: analysis of the proposed implementation of biodiversity net gain (BNG) requirements for nationally significant infrastructure projects (NSIPs) under the Environment Act 2021 (EA 2021) and the fine imposed on Thames Water for environmental failings and improper payments to shareholders. In addition this week, the Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (Defra) has announced the commencement of the single-use vape ban, , the Welsh Government has introduced the Environment (Principles, Governance and Biodiversity Targets) (Wales) Bill to the Senedd, the Financial Reporting Council (FRC) has launched a consultation on a proposed UK version of the International Standard on Sustainability Assurance (ISSA) 5000, ‘General Requirements for Sustainability Assurance Engagements’, the decision of the German court in Saúl Luciano Lliuya, against RWE AG, and the Independent Water Commission has published an interim report on water sector regulatory reform.