A technology for broadcasting of multimedia (audio, TV, data) using digital radio transmission, mainly used in South Korea.

A telecommunication network in which information is converted into a series of distinct electronic pulses and then transmitted as a digital bitstream (see also 'analogue network').

Life sciences analysis: The European Commission published its Digital Omnibus on AI Regulation Proposal, a legislative proposal introducing targeted measures intended to facilitate the practical implementation of the EU Artificial Intelligence Act (‘AI Act’). Hélène Boland and Fabien Roy of Hogan Lovells summarise key considerations for life sciences companies in this article.

CASE HUB ARCHIVED–this archived case hub reflects the position at the date of the decision of 17 July 2020; it is no longer maintained. See further: timeline, commentary and related cases. Case facts Outline CMA Article 101 TFEU/Chapter I CA98 investigation alleging that GAK and YME breached UK and EU competition law by agreeing that GAK would not discount the online price of certain Yamaha musical instruments below a minimum price (Case 50565–6). Latest developments On 17 July 2020, the CMA issued an infringement decision finding that GAK and YME had breached UK and/or EU competition law by engaging in RPM. The CMA imposed a fine of £278,945 on GAK (which included a 20% discount for settlement). YME received full immunity for revealing the existence of the anti-competitive behaviour. Parties • GAK.co.uk Ltd, The Guitar, Amp & Keyboard Centre Ltd and GAK.co.uk (Holdings Limited (together GAK): GAK is a UK company located Hailsham, East Sussex and is one of the UK’s largest independent musical equipment retailiers.• Yamaha Music Europe GmbH

This Practice Note begins with an explanation of how the shift to digital planning in England is being driven by new statutory powers under the Levelling-up and Regeneration Act 2023 (LURA 2023), alongside the continued operation of regulations on environmental information. The Note then considers the wider implications of digitisation including human rights, the public sector equality duty (PSED), public decision-making and planning probity. The final section considers how the planning system is responding to the increasing use of artificial intelligence (AI) to support or replace a range of planning functions and processes, including guidance from the Planning Inspectorate on the use of large language models (LLMs). This Practice Note was last updated in May 2026. Introduction In October 2023, LURA 2023 gained Royal Assent and became the first legislation, in any context, to seek to define data standards and data software. Since then, the intersection of planning and digitisation has only increased in scale and scope. The inexorable progress towards automation and digitisation has many benefits: diverting human resources to where they

MLex: People with information about the world's largest digital companies now have mechanisms with which to tell the European Commission about any practices by those firms deemed to be harmful. The Commission said on 30 April 2024 that it has rolled out two whistleblower tools under the Digital Services Act (DSA) and the Digital Markets Act (DMA). The tools make it possible for individuals to provide information about harmful practices by companies designated as Very Large Online Platforms (VLOPs) or Very Large Online Search Engines (VLOSEs) under the DSA (or as gatekeepers under the DMA) ‘without fear of reprisal’. The statement follows.

What are digital product passports? Digital product passports (DPPs) are best described as 'ID cards' for consumer products. The purpose of such passports is to electronically register, process and share product-related information between businesses, consumers, and regulatory authorities. DPPs will consolidate a wide range of product information, disclosure of which is required pursuant to a broad spectrum of regulatory regimes, including those governing product safety, chemical content, raw material content, recyclability, energy labelling, and circular economy compliance. The passport requirements are designed to facilitate the verification of product compliance with these various regimes by national competent authorities by streamlining monitoring and enforcement and to improve the traceability of products along the value chain for both supply chain businesses and for the general public. The basic rules for DPPs are contained in Regulation (EU) 2024/1781 (the EU Ecodesign Regulation), which entered into force on 18 July 2024. Additional, product-specific, rules for DPPs have also been introduced in the following legislation: • Regulation (EU) 2023/1542 (EU Sustainable Batteries Regulation) • Regulation (EU) 2025/2509 (EU Toy Safety Regulation) • Regulation

This Practice Note contains guidance on digital regulation, including an explanation of the concept and the sectors in which it is relevant. What is digital regulation? The term ‘digital regulation’ does not have a defined legal meaning. In broad terms, it refers to the laws, rules, and regulatory frameworks that govern digital technologies, online activities, and data-driven services. In practical terms, digital regulation covers how governments and regulators control and oversee a number of different areas, as demonstrated below: The purpose of digital regulation is to protect users, ensure fair competition, manage risks, and promote trust in digital systems, while allowing innovation and economic growth. This Practice Note provides an introduction to the areas that form part of the digital regulation ecosystem and it also signposts more detailed content on those areas, including some of those which may be subject to sector-specific regulation. Online platforms and content The term ‘platform’ encompasses many different types of forum and functionality depending on the technologies deployed and the business model used. At a technical level, there are different kinds of platform

STOP PRESS: Regulation (EU) 2026/1744 amending Regulation (EU) 2024/1689, Regulation (EU) 2018/1139 and Regulation (EU) 2023/1230 as regards the simplification of the implementation of harmonised rules on artificial intelligence (Digital Omnibus on AI) was published in the Official Journal on 24 July 2026 and entered into force on 27 July 2026. This Practice Note will be updated shortly to reflect amendments to Regulation (EU) 2024/1689, the EU Artificial Intelligence Act. For further information on the changes introduced by the Digital Omnibus on AI, see Practice Note: EU Digital Omnibus—tracker and News Analysis: Digital Omnibus proposal—re-writing the EU's digital rulebook. This Practice Note explains the legal and practical issues relevant to digital rights management (DRM) and discusses the extent to which technical devices and other protection measures can be used by rights owners to safeguard and manage their digital content. It also summarises the range of infringements that occur where technical protection devices or related measures are circumvented or management rights information is misused. What is digital rights management? DRM refers to the technical controls used

Digital rights management (DRM) refers to the technical controls used by copyright owners of digital content to identify, track and protect their content.

Purpose and audience This Practice Note provides a high-level, practical guide to the principal digital sales channels used in the business-to-consumer (B2C) digital commerce sector in the UK. It is intended for those seeking a foundational understanding of the legal, commercial, and regulatory considerations relevant to advising clients on online consumer sales. This Practice Note compares the most common B2C digital sales channels, including direct-to-consumer (D2C) websites, online marketplaces, social commerce, mobile applications (m-commerce), subscription-based models, and hybrid or omnichannel retail. Each channel is examined through a legal and practical lens, with reference to the UK’s current legal framework, including relevant assimilated EU law. While this Practice Note is not exhaustive, it aids clients in making decisions as to which sales channels to utilise, the key risks and obligations associated with each and how applicable legislation may influence business operations and compliance priorities. It may be used for early-stage discovery and route-to-market discussions. Each section is designed to be read independently and may be expanded by linking to deeper analysis

FORTHCOMING CHANGE relating to the future withdrawal of DST: Following the OECD-led discussions that resulted in political agreement on the two-pillar solution in October 2021, the UK struck a deal with the US, Austria, France, Spain and Italy to transition away from DST to the new global tax system, with a DST-credit system being used for the transition. As part of the deal, the UK would keep the revenue raised from DST until the Pillar One reforms became operational and, once Pillar One was in effect, businesses would be able to use the difference between what they paid in DST from January 2022, and what they would have paid if Pillar One had been in effect instead, as credit against their future UK corporation tax bill. In return, the US (which views digital services taxes as discriminatory against US companies) agreed to withdraw proposed retaliatory tariffs on some US imports from the other five countries, and committed to not taking further trade action against those countries because of their