means the estimated amount of carbon measured in tonnes of Carbon Dioxide Equivalent per hectare (tCO2e/ha) or metric tonnes per year (MtC/year) that can be stored by [the woodland area edged in red in Annex [x] to this agreement] and verified in accordance with [the Woodland Carbon Code OR other verification standard].

means, in relation to an accredited Tree-Planting-Incentive (TPI) woodland, the maximum amount of carbon that woodland can capture in one year as determined by using the Woodland Carbon Code Calculation Spreadsheet, measured in tonnes of carbon per annum.

This archived Practice Note formed part of the Corporate toolkit for public company takeovers. It dealt with the process for declaring an offer unconditional as to acceptances, including the operation of the acceptance condition, the rules regarding the counting of acceptances and the announcement requirements. It has not been maintained since the Takeover Code’s revision in July 2021. Changes to the Code In March 2021 the Panel confirmed that it would be proceeding with amendments to the Code in relation to the treatment of offer conditions and the timetable for contractual offers. One of the changes is that there will no longer be a distinction between the date by which the acceptance condition to an offer needs to be satisfied and the date by which the other conditions to the offer need to be satisfied or waived. Instead the Code will require all of the conditions to an offer to be satisfied by Day 60. In addition, subject to certain exceptions, the acceptance condition will only be capable of being satisfied once all the other

Law360, Expert analysis: The 2002 M/T Prestige oil tanker incident has sparked the rise of jurisprudential ramifications towards the enforcement of arbitral awards. Josep Galvez, barrister at 4–5 Gray’s Inn Square Chambers, examines significant cross-border investment and commercial European disputes while exploring the long-running legal proceedings stemming from the 2002 sinking of the M/T Prestige oil tanker—involving multiple jurisdictions, including the Spanish Supreme Court, UK Supreme Court, and EU institutions.

Law360, London: This article is part of a monthly column that delves into the most critical cross-border investment and commercial European disputes over arbitral award enforcement. In this installment, I analyze the High Court's reasoning in JPMorgan Chase Bank NA v VTB Bank PJSC.

Law360, Expert Analysis: On 9 December 2025, the International Commercial Chamber of the Paris Court of Appeal delivered a judgment of exceptional significance in State of Malaysia v Kiram, annulling in its entirety a final arbitral award rendered in Paris on 28 February 2022. Josep Galvez, barrister at 4–5 Gray's Inn Square and former Spanish judge, analyses the final judgment from the International Commercial Chamber of the Paris Court of Appeal annulling a US$14.9bn arbitral award against Malaysia.

Law360, London: This article is part of a monthly column that delves into the most critical cross-border investment and commercial European disputes over arbitral award enforcement. In this installment, I analyse the International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes' decision in Peteris Pildegovics and SIA North Star v Kingdom of Norway.

The final phase in the life cycle of an energy installation covering all activities from shutdown and removal of equipment and material to environmental restoration of the site.

Scope The UK’s decommissioning regime covers both offshore oil and gas installations and offshore submarine oil and gas pipelines. This regime implements the UK’s obligations under the 1992 Convention for the Protection of the Marine Environment of the North East Atlantic (OSPAR). It also implements obligations under the 1982 UN Convention on the Law of the Sea. For more information on UK government policy on decommissioning in the UK and the underlying international law, see Practice Note: Decommissioning—International Law and UK Government Policy. In May 2021, the North Sea Transition Authority (NSTA) (formerly known as the Oil & Gas Authority) published its Decommissioning Strategy, to ensure cost efficiencies throughout decommissioning and to set out its view that decommissioning should support the energy transition. This is possible by evaluating decommissioning in parallel with possible re-purposing of wells and structures (for example, for carbon capture and storage, or for future hydrogen use). The use of technology is also expected to deliver cost-efficient decommissioning. The default position under international law is that disused installations or pipelines must be removed

A plan for the decommissioning of a nuclear facility.

Decommissioning Relief Deed The Decommissioning Relief Deed (DRD) is a contract between the UK Government and a ‘Qualifying Company’ which operates in the oil and gas exploration and

This Practice Note provides an overview of UK government policy on decommissioning, ie the process for permanently removing installations and infrastructure from the seabed or securing wells. The UK’s policy on decommissioning, and its execution, is overseen by the Department for Energy Security and Net Zero (DESNZ), acting through the Offshore Petroleum Regulator for Environment & Decommissioning (OPRED). DESNZ was established on 7 February 2023 and has taken over the energy portfolio of the former Department for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy (BEIS), which no longer exists - including its functions in respect of decommissioning. References to ‘BEIS’ within this practice note are references to historical functions of BEIS. While the UK has policy documentation, much of this policy stems from the UK’s obligations under international law. This Practice therefore also covers international law and policy that shape the UK decommissioning policy framework. What are the key international law instruments governing UK decommissioning installations regulation? The Geneva Convention on the Continental Shelf 1958 (Geneva Convention) was an early international convention