A conditional bequest is a gift in a will that only takes effect if a specified event occurs or a stated condition is satisfied. Examples include gifts contingent on the beneficiary reaching a certain age, surviving another person, marrying, or complying with particular requirements set by the testator.Across England and Wales, Scotland, Northern Ireland and Ireland, the concept is broadly similar, though terminology may differ (for example, “legacy” or “provision” instead of “bequest”). The term is descriptive rather than usually defined in statute; its operation is shaped mainly by succession case law and general principles of construction of wills and, in Scotland, by the law of conditional institutions and substitutions.Key issues for practitioners include: whether the condition is precedent (gift only arises if fulfilled) or subsequent (gift can be divested), whether the condition is sufficiently certain, and whether it is legally valid (for example, not contrary to public policy, discriminatory or impossible). Failure of a conditional bequest may result in partial intestacy or gift over to another beneficiary, depending on the drafting. Properly structured conditional bequests are a common estate planning tool to control timing, protect vulnerable beneficiaries and manage family succession expectations.