Power Purchase Agreement (PPA) is a contract between an electricity generator (generator) and the party who is purchasing the power (offtaker) which incorporates the commercial terms for the sale and purchase of electricity for a project

A method of construction procurement under which the employer enters into separate contracts with each specialist trade contractor and appoints a construction manager (under a construction management contract) to manage the trade contractors and the project as a whole.

The Chartered Institute of Building (CIOB) is a professional body for construction management and leadership. It also publishes standard form construction documents such as the Time and Cost Management Contract.

Updated November 2025 Chile is the most economically stable country within South America and, in terms of The World Bank, a ‘high-income economy’. Chile also has the highest economic freedom score in South America (22nd worldwide) under the 2023 Index of Economic Freedom. This score reflects its openness to global trade and investment, and its transparent regulatory environment as well as strong rule of law which continue to provide a solid basis for economic dynamism. Legal frameworks for operating in Chile Frameworks for operating in Chile In commercial practice and under current legislation in Chile—which we will review in the next section—there are several ways for non-residents to invest in Chile. The general rule is that there are no limitations for non-residents to do business in Chile or to invest in local companies. Domestic legislation offers several types of companies. However, considering its flexibility, a joint stock company (Sociedad por Acciones) is usually the company of choice. Nevertheless, this will depend on investor preferences and the type

A limited company may buy back shares in itself, if certain conditions set out in the Companies Act 2006 (CA 2006) are met. This is known as a share buyback or a purchase of own shares. In addition to the provisions of the CA 2006, there are other rules and guidelines that are relevant to a listed company or an AIM company. A private limited company may buy back its shares out of capital in accordance with CA 2006, Pt 18, Ch 5 (CA 2006, ss 709–723), subject to any restriction or prohibition in the company's articles of association. A private limited company will only buy back its shares off-market. Therefore, this checklist does not deal with on-market share buybacks. For an introduction to share buybacks, including an explanation of the differences between an off-market share buyback and an on-market share buyback, see Practice Note: Share buybacks—the legal framework. Preliminary issues Before proceeding with a share buyback that is to be financed out of capital in accordance

This edition of Employment weekly highlights includes: (1) analysis of an EAT decision concerning Stonewall’s liability for discrimination against a gender critical barrister by her chambers, (2) an employment tribunal decision on disability discrimination for the denial of a request to rescind a resignation, (3) FAQs from the European Commission on the EU Corporate Sustainability Due Diligence Directive, (4) an EAT judgment deciding that a Scottish judge did not have part-time worker status, (5) an update to correct an omission in the statutory Code of Practice on Dismissal and Re-engagement, (6) the Code of Practice on Fair and Transparent Distribution of Tips, (7) legislation bringing into force certain provisions of the Employment (Allocation of Tips) Act 2023, and the Code of Practice on tips, (8) an updated remit for the Low Pay Commission to ensure that it considers the cost of living when making recommendations on the national minimum wage (NMW), (9) Law Society recommendations for salary rates for trainees from September 2024, (10) regulations to stop the commencement of provisions of the Higher Education (Freedom of Speech) Act 2023 to allow the government to consider options, including its repeal, (11) the Bank of England and Prudential Regulation Authority 2023–24 annual report on whistleblowing disclosures, (12) a Court of Appeal decision reviewing the principles for extension of time to appeal to the EAT, (13) publication of the July 2024 edition of the Equal Treatment Bench Book, (14) amendments to the Civil Procedure Rules 1998, (15) launch by the Scottish government of the Fairer Workplaces Fund, (16) the Welsh government’s response to its consultation on modification of the Specification of Apprenticeship Standards for Wales, (17) dates for your diary, (18) updates to our legislation and consultation trackers and our horizon scanner, and (19) new Q&As.

This week's edition of TMT weekly highlights includes a hand-picked summary of news analysis, updates and new content from across the technology, media and telecoms sectors. These highlights focus on key topics including new technologies, software, cloud computing, internet, outsourcing, music, film & television, publishing, defamation and telecoms.

Welcome to this week’s edition of the TMT weekly highlights: a hand-picked summary of news analysis, updates and new content from across the technology, media and telecoms sectors. These highlights focus on key topics including new technologies, software, cloud computing, internet, outsourcing, music, film & television, publishing, defamation and telecoms.

This week's edition of Commercial weekly highlights includes: analysis of the decision in Kompaktwerk v LivePerson which considered whether a time-limited subscription to a Software-as-a-Service is a sale of goods, news that the Information Commissioner’s Office has published a response addressing the classification of ‘strictly necessary’ cookies under the Privacy and Electronic Communications (EC Directive) Regulations 2003, and news that the Office for Product Safety and Standards has published guidance on products and hazards deemed to pose serious risk.

This Practice Note considers the key employment law issues which may arise when drafting and negotiating outsourcing arrangements, focusing in particular on the application of the Transfer of Undertakings (Protection of Employment) Regulations 2006 (TUPE), SI 2006/246. Issues considered include: • different types of outsourcing situation • core planning considerations • the application of TUPE and the possible implications • who and what transfers under TUPE • dismissals • changing employment terms • provision of employee information • the obligation to inform and consult • the commercial dynamic • different approaches to outsourcing arrangements • managing TUPE risk, and • conduct of claims This Practice Note should be read in conjunction with the TUPE and asset purchases—overview and the following, more detailed, Practice Notes: • TUPE—service provision changes • TUPE—business transfers • TUPE—transnational transfers • TUPE—transfer of rights and liabilities • TUPE—transfer of employees • TUPE—protection against dismissal • Information and consultation in transfers This Practice Note does not replicate the comprehensive analysis of TUPE in those Practice Notes; instead, it highlights the key areas which may be relevant to commercial negotiations in an outsourcing

This Practice Note explains the requirements for responding to an employment tribunal claim (ie defending a claim). If the claim or part of it is accepted (see Practice Note: Submission of a claim to the employment tribunal), the tribunal must send to each respondent: • a copy of the claim form, and • a notice which includes information on: ◦ whether any part of the claim has been rejected, and ◦ how to present a response to the claim, the period by which a response must be received by the tribunal, and what will happen if a response is not received by the tribunal within that time A tribunal may send a copy of the claim form to a respondent at an address that differs from that provided on the claim form. Respondents must present their response form (known as an ET3) to the employment tribunal in accordance with any relevant practice direction. For information on: • the requirements of the practice directions that apply in respect of responses presented

This week's edition of Restructuring & Insolvency weekly highlights includes: the launch of a consultation by the Insolvency Service as part of the second post-implementation review of the Insolvency Rules, an analysis of payment of administration expenses and priority of moratorium debts in administration (Re Cross Transport Ltd), a discussion on the Supreme Court decision that the good-faith requirement under section 172 of the Companies Act 2006 extends to a director’s conduct (Saxon Woods Investments Ltd and others v Costa), plus a round-up of other news and cases for restructuring and insolvency professionals.