HM Treasury has published its response to the Covid Counter Fraud Commissioner’s final report, outlining measures to recover an estimated £10.9 billion lost to fraud and error from £380 billion in pandemic spending. HMT notes that, to date, £1.8 billion has been recovered. It accepted or partially accepted all 13 recommendations aimed at recovering pandemic-related losses and strengthening fraud prevention. The response sets out measures to reduce the risk of future fraud through stronger enforcement, new powers under the Public Authorities (Fraud, Error and Recovery) Act 2025 and improved preparedness for future crises. It also confirms the establishment of the Public Authorities Fraud Investigation and Enforcement Service, expanded recovery and enforcement activity, including action on Bounce Back Loan Scheme fraud, and reforms to emergency planning, data sharing and counter-fraud capabilities to strengthen the protection of public funds during future national emergencies.