What is a GTMA? Electricity in Great Britain (GB) is traded through a bilateral market. There is no prescribed form regarding trades. However, the Grid Trade Master Agreement (GTMA) has established itself as a standard form of electricity trading document, and is widely used by producers, suppliers and traders of electricity to document a bilateral agreement regarding the sale and purchase of electricity. For more information on the make-up of the GB electricity market more generally, see Practice Note: The Great Britain electricity market—an introduction. The GTMA was initially published in 2001 by the Futures and Options Association (now subsumed into the global Futures Industry Association (FIA)), for use following the introduction of the New Energy Trading Arrangements (NETA) (which was replaced by the British Electricity Trading and Transmission Arrangements (BETTA) in 2005). The GTMA was revised in 2004, and most now trade on the basis of this revised version. A copy of the 2004 revision is made publicly available by the FIA: Grid Trade Master Agreement, 2004. Trading pursuant to a GTMA can

This Practice Note is produced in partnership with Shafaq Sadiq of Wedlake Bell. The concept of ‘giving and helping’ is a core principle in Islam as it is an act which greatly pleases Allah Subhanahu Wa Ta'ala (swt—The most glorified, the most high). The Islamic institution known as the ‘Waqf’ provides the mechanism to give away wealth for charitable or religious purposes. It is considered a very noble practice and is encouraged by Islamic law. It also acts as a means for family wealth management providing financial stability to the donor's family during their lifetime or after their death. Waqf The core concept of the Waqf is sustainability to ensure ongoing charitable endowment. The word Waqf is derived from the Arabic word 'Waqafa' which means to bring to a standstill or to hold. This means that the ownership ceases by handing over the property in its entirety to Allah swt. Waqf is a distinctive instrument in Islam. There is no specific verse in the Quran on the concept of Waqf; however there are numerous verses

This Flowchart provides an overview of the questions to be asked when determining international jurisdiction in employment cases in the High Court and other courts that are not the employment tribunal, ie where proceedings can be brought, or which courts and/or tribunals should decide the case. It considers the position where the proceedings were instituted from 1 January 2021 onwards. For further information on jurisdiction in employment cases from 1 January 2021 onwards, see Practice Note: International jurisdiction—the Civil Jurisdiction and Judgments Act 1982

This week's edition of Local Government weekly highlights includes case reports on Blackburn With Darwen BC v BM, where the court dismissed an application for a deprivation of liberty order; Bournemouth, Christchurch and Poole Council v The Mother, where the court refused Care Orders for the removal of children; R (LW) v Islington LBC, where the court rejected a judicial review challenge regarding an EHC Plan; Basingstoke and Deane BC v Loveridge, where the court renewed an injunction against unauthorised encampments; and Birch v Brookfield in which the court considered the legal issues around internal party discipline in local government and the interface with contract law. This weekly highlights also includes further updates on Children’s social care, Education, Governance, Local government finance, Social housing, Social care, Healthcare, Planning, Environmental law and climate change.

This week's edition of Public Law weekly highlights includes coverage of the new National Procurement Policy Statement and the reissue of Procurement Policy Notes ahead of PA 2023 coming into effect on 24 February 2025 plus expert analysis of the decision in Airwave v Secretary of State, where the court considered permission for late re-amendments to a statement of case in an emergency network contract dispute. Other cases covered include Working on Wellbeing Ltd Trading as Optima Health v SSWP, where the Court of Appeal found the DWP failed to exercise discretion by not seeking clarification of obvious errors in Optima’s tender, leading to wrongful exclusion from competition; and Higgs v Farmor's School, where the Court of Appeal ruled that the dismissal of Mrs Higgs was unlawful due to religious discrimination. The highlights further includes Brexit highlights, Brexit SIs and updates on constitutional and administrative law, equality and human rights, subsidy control and state aid and other Public Law news.

Note that additional commentary on the issues discussed in this Practice Note in the context of the regulation, consenting and incentivisation of the net zero energy transition is available in the following textbook that we have published: Collinson and Hockman on Energy Law: Regulating, Consenting and Incentivising the Energy Transition. What is TMO4+? ‘Target Model Option 4 +’ (TMO4+) is a major package of reforms approved by Ofgem in April 2025 and representing a comprehensive overhaul of Great Britain’s electricity grid connections process. The reforms were prompted by the UK government’s climate commitments and by the ongoing inefficiency and delays of the current grid connection process, creating major barriers to investment and renewable energy deployment. This section briefly explains the TMO4+ reforms, underlining the differences between the historic system of grid connection and the one implemented through TMO4+. It also identifies the energy sector participants who are most likely to be affected by TMO4+ reforms. Background Pre-TMO4+, the process for obtaining a grid connection

Natural gas is a valuable commodity that has a wide variety of uses, including power generation, heating and cooking. When cooled to roughly -162°C, the gas liquefies and reduces in volume by a factor of 600, thereby enabling the liquefied natural gas (LNG) to be more easily transported, for example by sea on ships. This is especially important when geopolitical factors, such as war or other instability, affect the viability of land-based pipelines. The physical properties of LNG mean that issues arise from its carriage which are not encountered in the case of other commodities transported by sea. This Practice Note provides an introduction to these various issues and the types of disputes that arise as a result. For more general information on: • LNG, see Practice Note: LNG—an introduction • carriage of LNG cargoes, see Practice Note: Carriage of LNG cargoes—an introduction • LNG project structures, see Practice Notes: LNG—Structuring LNG projects • common forms and key legal issues in LNG sale and purchase agreements, see Practice Notes: LNG sale and

STOP PRESS: As of 24 February 2025, the main provisions of the Procurement Act 2023 (PA 2023) are in force. Procurements begun on or after this date must be carried out under PA 2023, whereas those begun under the previous legislation (the Public Contracts Regulations 2015 (PCR 2015), the Utilities Contracts Regulations 2016, the Concession Regulations 2016, and the Defence and Security Public Contracts Regulations 2011) must continue to be procured and managed under that legislation. See Practice Note: Introduction to the Procurement Act 2023—PA 2023. This content relates to the Procurement Act 2023 regime This practical guidance is about public procurement under the Procurement Act 2023 (PA 2023). For practical guidance on evaluation methodologies under the previous legislation, see Practice Note: Using different evaluation methodologies for different types of public procurement. Distinction between conditions of participation and award criteria This Practice Note focusses on award criteria and the different types of evaluation methodologies that can be used by contracting authorities to select the winning bid in a public procurement process subject to PA

Arbitration analysis: The Qatar International Center for Conciliation and Arbitration (QICCA) is the leading arbitral institute in Qatar. On 1 January 2025, QICCA launched its new arbitration rules (‘the 2024 Rules’), updating its previous 2012 Rules. The 2024 Rules introduce, for the first time, provisions relating to consolidation, expedited proceedings and emergency arbitration, among others. Updates have also been introduced to reflect technological advances, and to enhance efficiency. These changes further align QICCA’s rules with international best practices, ensuring that the arbitration process under the 2024 Rules is streamlined and efficient, and enhancing transparency and adaptability to modern arbitration demands. Parties should familiarise themselves with the 2024 Rules and consider updating their arbitration agreements.

What is a loss? The general concept of 'loss' is not defined in corporation tax legislation. The natural meaning of loss in the context of a business is the amount by which its costs and expenditure exceed its revenue. For corporation tax purposes, there are specific sets of rules relating to the calculation and use of losses. The main types of losses exactly mirror the main types of income for corporation tax purposes: • trading losses • property losses • non-trading loan relationship losses • non-trading losses on intangible fixed assets, and • miscellaneous losses Why does it matter what type of loss it is? As explained in Practice Note: Basis of calculation of corporation tax , a company is required to calculate the results, whether profit or loss, from each type of income separately before bringing the types of income together in the calculation of the amount of corporation tax due. The results of one or more of those types of income may be a loss, but it is not necessarily

This Practice Note provides an introduction to the anti-avoidance legislation known as IR35 (after the reference number of the HMRC Press Release announcing the rules in Budget 1999), the 'intermediaries legislation' or, since the 2017–2021 reforms, the ‘off-payroll working’ regime, setting out its history and development as well as outlining the key difficulties associated with it. IR35 applies where an individual worker provides services to an end client through an intermediary, such as personal service company (PSC) or partnership, in circumstances where the individual would otherwise: • for income tax purposes, be regarded as an employee or an office-holder of the client, and • for National Insurance contributions (NICs) purposes, be regarded as employed in employed earner's employment by the client The intention of IR35 is, and has always been, to ensure that the worker's income tax and NICs liability is broadly equivalent to that of an employee. It does this by imposing a PAYE and NICs obligation on an entity in the supply chain. While the history of IR35 is explained comprehensively below,

This Practice Note provides a consolidated list of and links to the various clause bank subtopics available within Lexis+® UK that in-house lawyers may find useful. It is designed to act as a signposting tool to both the comprehensive contracts clause bank (available within multiple Lexis+® UK Practical Guidance practice areas) and any additional practice area specific clause banks. Many but not all Lexis+® UK Practical Guidance practice areas have a dedicated clause bank topic. This is because: • clauses may not be of relevance to a particular practice area • a practice area may only require a small selection of clauses so a separate clause bank isn’t warranted, eg Lexis+® UK Arbitration, or • a practice area may contain a lot of clauses across multiple different subtopic areas which would make a consolidated clause bank unwieldy, eg Lexis+® UK Employment, Lexis+® UK Private Client In the second and third scenario, any subtopic-specific clauses will be located within the respective ‘precedents’ pod in that subtopic. Additional precedent clauses that may also