Laura Bolado

This Practice Note provides a summary of Regulation (EC) 1013/2006 on transfrontier shipments of waste. It covers the purpose and scope of the EU Waste Shipments Regulation, and details the key provisions as they apply to shipments for waste disposal and waste recovery where these are shipped within the EU with or without transit through third countries, shipped within the EU via third countries, shipped exclusively within the EU, exported to or imported from third countries, and transported through the EU from and to third countries. Note that Regulation (EC) 1013/2006 has been repealed and replaced by Regulation (EU) 2024/1157 and will cease to have effect from 21 May 2026.

This Practice Note is a snapshot on Regulation (EU) 2015/757, also known as the Ship Emissions Monitoring or MRV Regulation, which establishes rules for an EU system to accurately monitor, report and verify greenhouse gas emissions and other relevant information from large ships using EU ports. This Practice Note covers changes to the EU MRV Regulation made in 2023 to align the regime with the EU emissions trading system (EU ETS) which is extended to maritime transport from 1 January 2024.

This Practice Note provides an outline of the EU Urban Wastewater Treatment Directive 91/271/EEC (UWTD), which governs the collection, treatment and discharge of urban wastewater and the treatment and discharge of wastewater from certain industrial sectors, with the objective of protecting the environment from adverse effects. To achieve this, the UWTD requires Member States to plan, regulate and monitor the collection and treatment of urban and industrial wastewater. The Practice Note covers collection and treatment requirements, specific requirements applicable to water discharges in sensitive areas, the disposal of treated water and sludge, monitoring, and cross-border cooperation. The UWTD is set to be repealed by Directive (EU) 2024/3019 (the recast UWTD) with effect from 1 August 2027, subject to various transitional measures. This Practice Note explains the background to the recast and includes links to content covering the new regulatory regime.

This Practice Note provides a summary of Assimilated Regulation (EC) 1013/2006 on shipments of waste. It covers the purpose, scope, and key provisions of the assimilated regulation, as well as details of the related legislation in England and Wales. This Practice Note also relates to the Transfrontier Shipment of Waste Regulations 2007, SI 2007/1711. It also refers to the Northern Ireland Protocol (now known as the Windsor Framework) and what this means for exporting and importing waste.

This Practice Note explains the requirements and limits of the doctrine of indirect effect, or consistent interpretation of national law with EU law, which EU Member States’ courts are obliged to apply should their national legal orders permit. The evolution of the doctrine at EU level is presented from a chronological viewpoint.

This is a powerpoint introduction to the EU legal system with emphasis on environmental law. It has been produced by EU law specialist Laura Bolado. The slides can be used for training purposes and include speaker notes and tips on legal research. It provides an overview of the founding treaties, the institutional framework and the sources and principles of EU law. It explains how EU law is superior to Member State’s national law and how the Commission can commence infringement proceedings against non-compliant states.

This Practice Note is a snapshot on the NEC Directive 2001/81/EC which sets national upper limits for the total emissions in 2010, and thereafter, of the four pollutants responsible for acidification, eutrophication and ground-level ozone pollution (sulphur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, volatile organic compounds and ammonia).

This Practice Note is a snapshot of the Nitrates Directive 91/676/EEC, which aims to protect waters in the EU by preventing nitrates from agricultural sources from polluting groundwater and surface waters by encouraging the use of good agricultural practices (ie reducing existing and preventing future pollution).

This Practice Note is a snapshot on the Offshore Oil and Gas Directive 2013/30/EU. Its main aim is to reduce the occurrence of major accidents related to offshore oil and gas operations and limit their consequences and contains provisions relating to licensing, environmental protection, emergency response and liability, in addition to safety. It was produced in partnership with Laura Bolado.

This Practice Note provides an introduction to basic EU legal concepts and gives tips and tools to understand and apply EU law in practice. It covers general principles in overview, delineation of competences, types of EU law and compliance obligations.

This Practice Note outlines the main environmental legislation for persistent organic pollutants (POPs), such as the Persistent Organic Pollutant Regulations 2007, SI 2007/3106 and Regulation (EU) 2019/1021 (Recast POPs Regulation). It also includes the process for derogations and Brexit impact.

This Practice Note is a snapshot on the POPs Regulation (EC) 850/2004/EC which creates a legal framework to protect human health and the environment by prohibiting, phasing out as soon as possible or restricting the production, placing on the market and use of POPs. It also lays down rules for dealing with stockpiles and waste containing POPs. The persistent organic pollutants (POPs) Regulation (EU) 2019/1021, which is a recast regulation, repeals Regulation (EC) 850/2004. This Practice Note also links to related Brexit content.

This Practice Note focuses on the remedies available in national courts for breach of EU law. The principles of direct and indirect effect are explained as well as the possibility of State liability arising from the breach of EU laws and obligations by acts or inactions attributable to an EU Member State. The availability of damages and the concept of adequate reparation is also considered.

This Practice Note provides a summary of the Renewable Energy Directive 2009/28/EC (RED or RED I) on the promotion of the use of energy from renewable sources. It covers the purpose, scope, and key provisions of the Directive, as well as details of the implementing legislation in England and Wales. RED I was recast by Directive (EU) 2018/2001 (RED II), and was repealed with effect from 1 July 2021. This Practice Note has been archived following this repeal, and is not maintained.

This Practice Note is a snapshot on Assimilated Regulation (EU) 2015/757, known as the UK Ship Emission Monitoring or MRV Regulation which establishes rules for a system to accurately monitor, report and verify (MRV) CO2 emissions and other relevant information from large ships using UK ports

This is a snapshot of the persistent organic pollutants (POPs) Assimilated Regulation (EU) 2019/1021. This Practice Note includes details on the background of the recast Regulation, purpose, scope, definitions and key requirements, such as control of production, placing on the market and use and exemptions from control measures, stockpiles, waste management, release reduction, minimisation and elimination, as well as monitoring. It also includes details of the Persistent Organic Pollutants (Amendment) (EU Exit) Regulations 2020, SI 2020/1358 which make amendments to ensure the Assimilated POPs Regulation can continue to operate following IP completion day and Brexit.