This Practice Note covers the law in relation to hearsay, text messages and other forms of communication in criminal proceedings. It covers whether a text message or voice message is hearsay under the Criminal Justice Act 2003 and how to identify hearsay. It also covers text messages and calls as circumstantial evidence, for example, when used to request drugs or to make other enquiries. It deals with proving the identity of a caller and confessions by text, referring to the three-stage test set out in case of R v Twist.