Fountain Court Chambers

ARCHIVED: This Practice Note has been archived and is not maintained. This Practice Note considers the most significant changes to the provisions in Regulation (EU) 1215/2012, Brussels I (recast) relating to the recognition and enforcement of judgments obtained in other EU Member States by comparison with the equivalent provisions of Regulation (EC) 44/2001, Brussels I.

This Practice Note considers explainability in the context of artificial intelligence (AI), explaining what it is, why it is important, and the legal framework and regulatory guidance around explainability. It also offers an overview of practical techniques for achieving explainability in the development, implementation and use of AI.

This Practice Note considers the provisions in Regulation (EU) 1215/2012, Brussels I (recast) dealing with the recognition of judgments. It sets out the general provisions and then looks in some detail at the grounds on which recognition might be refused followed by how to make an application requesting that the court refuses to recognise the judgment.

This Practice Note considers the provisions in Articles 32–37 of Regulation (EC) 44/2001, Brussels I dealing with recognition of judgments. It sets out the general provisions and then looks at whether an application for recognition is required. Applications for recognition are addressed, both when seeking recognition in England and Wales, as well as in another EU Member State. The Practice Note also considers in some detail the grounds on which recognition might be refused, namely judgment in default of an appearance by the defendant, irreconcilable judgments/same EU Member State, irreconcilable judgments/different EU Member State or the judgment was in breach of the rules in the regulation dealing with consumer, employment or insurance matters.