This Practice Note deals with collecting societies, which may also be ‘licensing bodies’ and/or ‘Collective Management Organisations’ (CMOs). It also considers Independent Management Entities (IMEs). It covers collective licensing, the legal status of a collecting society, details of the collecting societies in the UK, the benefits of membership for copyright owners, disadvantages for rights holders and users, benefits and disadvantages for licensees, legal controls on the conduct of collecting societies, regulation of collecting societies and the Collective Management of Copyright (EU Directive) Regulations 2016, SI 2016/221 also known as the Collective Rights Management Regulations or the CRM Regulations.