This Practice Note explains the regulation of heavy goods vehicles (HGVs) and light goods vehicles (LGVs), by way of goods vehicle operating licensing in the UK. The goods vehicle operator licensing regime is the responsibility of the Traffic Commissioners. The Practice Note explains what an HGV operator’s licence (often called an o-licence or goods vehicle licence) is, when a licence’ is required, the different type of vehicle operator licences and the procedure for applying for an operators licence with reference to guidance issued by the Traffic Commissioners. The Practice Note also considers the standard undertakings attached to a goods vehicle operators licence and the enforcement of goods vehicle licence conditions by the police, Driver and Vehicle Standards Agency (DVSA) and the Traffic Commissioners.