This Practice Note considers the recognition and enforcement of arbitral awards made at an English seat and foreign arbitration awards in England & Wales and Northern Ireland under the Arbitration Act 1996 (AA 1996). It considers the enforcement of arbitration awards, New York Convention awards and Geneva Convention awards. It sets out what sort of awards may be enforced, whether declaratory awards may be enforced, as well as how to apply for permission to enforce (also referred to as: leave to enforce an arbitral award; leave to enforce an arbitration award; leave to enforce an award), and enforcement by way of action on an award at common law. This Practice Note also considers the grounds for refusing the recognition and enforcement of awards made at an English seat and foreign (including New York Convention) awards under sections 66 and 103 of the Arbitration Act 1996. It considers the question will the English court recognise and enforce an award fully or partly set aside at the seat, the relationship between interim measures and enforcement, enforcement of awards against states (including role of state immunity in enforcement proceedings), complementary measures available to parties alongside seeking enforcement as well as the procedural steps a party may take once it has been granted permission to enforce. This process may be referred to as: enforcing arbitral awards though the national courts; enforcing arbitral awards in English courts; how do you enforce an arbitration award; award enforcement procedure; enforcing international arbitration awards in England; enforcement of foreign commercial awards in England.