A2.105 The retrospective application of legislationA statute will have retrospective effect only if its retrospective operation is stated in clear terms or arises by necessary and distinct application from its terms1. This rule does not apply to changes in the procedure and practice of the courts: the rights of a litigant are to proceed in the manner prescribed for the time being, but a provision that removes a right of appeal is not regarded as merely procedural.The reasons for this presumption were stated by Lord Simonds in John Hudson and Co Ltd v Kirkness2:'When an Act of Parliament becomes
A statute will have retrospective effect only if its retrospective operation is stated in clear terms or arises by necessary and distinct application from its terms1. This rule does not apply to changes in the procedure and practice of the courts: the rights of a litigant are to proceed in the manner prescribed for the time being, but a provision that removes a right of appeal is not regarded as merely procedural.
The reasons for this presumption were stated by Lord Simonds in John Hudson and Co Ltd v Kirkness2:
'When an Act of Parliament becomes
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