281. When deviation or delay is excused.

Deviation is presumptively excused, and no breach of contract is committed, in the following circumstances:

  1.  

    (1)     where it is for the purpose of saving life1;

  2.  

    (2)     where the ship cannot safely keep to her course owing to stress of weather, or where she is attempting to avoid imminent danger2, for example capture by the enemies of the country to which she belongs3, or pirates or from ice4, she may resort to a port of refuge, either for the purpose of sheltering from the storm or repairing any damage sustained5, or for the purpose of avoiding the danger6, for as