58. Principal's retrospective ratification of agent's acts.

Under certain conditions an act which, at the time it was entered into or done by an agent, lacked the authority, express or implied, of a principal, may by the subsequent conduct of the principal become ratified by him and made as effectively his own as if he had previously authorised it.

Where the act has been done by a person not assuming to act on his own behalf1, but for another, though without his precedent authority2 or knowledge3, and is subsequently ratified by that other person, the relation of principal and agent is constituted retrospectively, and the principal is