The advancement of education can be pursued by means of a broad range of charitable work among individuals, schools, and other establishments for education and training, and among the general public1. It was formerly considered that there was a presumption that the advancement of education was for the benefit of the public and thus charitable, but this no longer applies2. Educational institutions which themselves are charities or subject to charitable trusts include universities, colleges, professional institutions, learned societies, many independent schools and most voluntary schools. The work of any educational institution may be supported, directly or indirectly, by charities or associations which provide prizes, scholarships and other awards for individual students, which help in the